3. The Annapolis Valley Apple Puree Pipeline Why ship apples by truck from Kentville to Halifax? Look at all the hauling, loading into containers, squashing, spoilage, worry about bugs and worms, unloading, trucking, handling, labour, etc. Why not mechanically peel the apples in Kentville and pump them as a puree by pipeline straight to Halifax, just 120km away, then add a touch of vegetable glue to reform the apples into any desired shape. What an exciting opportunity for creative apple reshaping. However, before plunging into apple reformation, let us see if this proposal is economical. So, ignoring capital costs in building the pipeline, estimate the pumping cost for such an operation. Give costs as $yr1 and $kg1 of shipped apples. Data: Kentville is 220ft above sea level Pipe size is 4 -in sch. 40 stainless steel. There will need to be 220 standard 90 elbows, 20 gate valves (normally fully open), and 100 unions. Assume pump and motor are 65% efficient overall Electricity costs $0.12kWh1 Mean apple puree velocity is 1.2ms1 and the density of the apple puree is 1015kgm3 Rheological characteristics of apple puree are =5.00.5 (in SI units)