3. The difference between government receipts and government expenditures is called a loss Oa. O. . shortfall . deficit Od debt 10. The key to reaching a Pareto optimum through mutually beneficial exchange Oa. is to remove barriers to international trade Ob. . is to establish property rights for valuable resources Oc is to provide start-up capital to fledgling entrepreneurs is to encourage people to use online auction services Od. 4. The subject matter of public economics falls into the two general categories of and O a public interest; private interest coercion action; individual liberty c revenue generation; government spending civilian activities; military duties d