3. There's a pending bill in Congress which, if it becomes a law, would allow abortion in the Philippines. Certain pro-life and religious organizations planned to hold a rally in Quezon City in order to protest against the proposed law. However, when the rally organizers applied for a permit to hold the rally, the city officials refused to grant the permit for health reasons, because at that time, a new and very dangerous COVID variant has just emerged. The organizers protested that the city government's action is an invalid prior restraint against their right to peaceful assembly and to free expression, as guaranteed under the Philippine Constitution. Question 3.1: Would the refusal to grant the requested permit be considered a "prior restraint on freedom of expression"? What does this term mean? Question 3.2: Who is correct, the rally organizers or the city officials? Please explain your answer thoroughly, and include in your answer the test/s that should be applied to resolve this issue.

3. There's a pending bill in Congress which, if it becomes a law, would allow abortion in the Philippines. Certain pro-life and religious organizations planned to hold a rally in Quezon City in order to protest against the proposed law. However, when the rally organizers applied for a permit to hold the rally, the city officials refused to grant the permit for health reasons, because at that time, a new and very dangerous COVID variant has just emerged. The organizers protested that the city government's action is an invalid prior restraint against their right to peaceful assembly and to free expression, as guaranteed under the Philippine Constitution. Question 3.1: Would the refusal to grant the requested permit be considered a "prior restraint on freedom of expression"? What does this term mean? Question 3.2: Who is correct, the rally organizers or the city officials? Please explain your answer thoroughly, and include in your answer the test/s that should be applied to resolve this issue