3. Which of the following variables was not among the well documented factors of East Asian growth? a. savings and investment b. foreign direct investment c. total factor productivity d. Confucius ethics e. Export oriented industrial development

9. Which of the following was not a feature of the Meiji period? a. Significant improvements in agricultural productivity and Urbanisation. b. Property rights were given to individuals. c. The samurai losing privileges. d. Going abroad to acquire western knowledge. e. None of the above

10. Which of the following was not a policy measure undertaken during Korea's strong growth period of 1961-1980? a. setting up heavy industries b. fostering exports to earn foreign incomes c. increasing savings and investment d. land reform and maintaining overvalued exchange rates e. utilizing chaebols and picking winners.

11. Which of the following was not among the post-war global conditions that had a positive influence on the East Asian growth? a. Bretton Woods system providing stability in global trades b. Global balance of power and stability under the Cold War c. Significant growth in TFP and population growth d. All of the above e. None of the above

12. Which of the following would be the most accurate description of the 'development dictatorship' by Park Chung Hee? a. A big push Soviet style of economic development with central planning b. American style free market approach focused on increasing domestic demand c. A successful growth strategy based on import substitution and foreign aids d. An export led growth strategy directed by an autocratic government with technocrats e. None of the above

13. Ageing population has a harmful effect on economic growth because, other things being equal, a. it reduces growth in labor force. b. it reduces per capita income. c. it reduces average labour productivity of workers. d. All of the above. e. None of the above.