3) You conducted a case-control study examining the association between electromagnetic elds (EMF) exposure from working on a computer and childbirth malformations (cases). Observed results are in Table 1 below. a) Calculate the most appropriate effect estimate and interpret. Table 1: Observed data Cases Controls EMF 242 85 No EMF 183 162 425 247 After conferring with your project director you determined that exposure classication was less than perfect. You consulted records of actual computer use and compared them against selfreported computer exposure (see Table 2). Assume no other systematic error. Table 2 Truth Self-report Exposed Unexposed Exposed 180 100 Unexposed 30 200 Total 210 300 Given the data in Table 2: b) Calculate sensitivity and specicity based on the data in Table 2 sensitivity = specificity = c) Given the sensitivity and specificity, complete the table below to generate estimates of the "True" association. Show your work for partial credit. Table 3: \"Truth" Cases Controls Exposed 3: C: Unexposed b= = Total 425 247 d) Compare these ndings (observed vs truth) identifying the type of bias observed, the magnitude and direction of the bias, and what we know about the truth, if there is any bias