a) An express bus system is to be set up between AIT Campus and Accra Central at a distance of 18.64 miles. The operating time is expected to be one and half hours. The estimated peak demand is 1600 passengers/hr. The available buses have a seating capacity of 45 and space for 25 standees. Given a terminal time of one-sixth of an hour which is not subject to review, undertake a design of the services during the peak period.

b) As usual, Kwame got up from bed early in the morning at 4.30am in Bortianor and as typical of every week day, he must go to work at Accra Central. Kwame prepares and set off to a bus stop along the Accra-Winneba Highway at 5.30am in his bid to catch a Metro Mass Transit (MMT) Ltd bus (Government of Ghana owned institution) as early as possible due to high patronage resulting from affordability and availability. Luckily for him, he got an MMT bus and was able to get to the work place by 8.00am. Identify all the players and their roles in this transportation system.

c) A route within an urban setting has three signalized intersections in series and at maximum intervals of 50m from one intersection to the next. During peak periods, there is backflow of traffic from one intersection to the previous. As a Traffic Engineer, what cost effective measure will you propose to alleviate this problem and how will you achieve it? It should be noted that physical improvements such as relocation of intersection, lane widening, channelization, etc. cannot be considered as options.