32. In order to determine if amoking caunes cancer, rewartherv surveyed a large sample of. adalts. For each adult they recorded whether the pernon had emokend regularly at any proportion of eaneer cases in thete person hat cancer. They then compared the with the proportion of cases in those who had smeked repularly at mome ime in their lives their lives. The researchers found a higher propertionoked terularly at any point in had smoked regularly than among those who had never smokeed cases among those who study is this? A) An observational study: B) An experiment, but not a double-blind experiment. C) A double-blind experiment. D) A stratified (block) design. 33. On a talk show 6 individuals talked about how their previously healhy ehildren had developed emotional and cognitive disabilities shortly after being given a series of vaccinations. The director of the anti-vaccine movie "Vaxxed' discussed how this evidence should give parents some cause for concem about obtaining several vaccines at one time. What is the term given to this type of 'evidence? 34. Many studies are trying to find a cure for chronic back pain. In one such study, a physician is comparing the medication currently being used (drug A) to a newly developed drug (drug B). A group of individuals suffering from chronic back pain, are participating in this study. The physician's assistant randomly divides the individuals into two groups. Group 1 will receive drug A and Group 2 will receive drug B. Nobody involved in the experiment knows to which group the subjects have been assigned. The physician monitors the subjects over a 2 -month period and the amount of improvement is recorded. What type of study is this? A) An observational study. B) An experiment, but not a double-blind experiment. C) A double-blind experiment. D) A matched pairs experiment. 35. Whenever possible, a study purporting to test a hypothesis about an experimental treatment (e.g. a new drug treatment) should include a: A) Stratified group B) Stratified sample C) Control group D) All of the above Pe sure to answer your questions on the ANSWVER SHEET provided at the end of this esam. This ineludes shert-answer quistions. Niete: You may rear off the answer sheet. However, it is yous reiporsibility to enwure that the revponse on your answer sheet manches the narmbered question on the exam. Variots formulas and other useful informarion given at the enid of the exiam. This is identieal to the cheat theet that was made available 10 you earlier in the course There is some scrateh paper provided towards the end of the exam. You MAY vear off those sheets, bur they must be netumed at the end of the exam. Again. AL. pages ineluding any blank: sheets must be turned in at the end of the exam. I do ner penalize you for guessing, so be sure to pick one option even if you have no idea of the answer? Again: AL.L, answers - including short answers MUST be on the answer sheet. 1. Researchers are conducting a state-wide survey for the U.S. Postal Service. The surve records many different variables of interest. Which of the following variables is categorical? A) County of residence. B) Number of people, both adults and children, living in the household. C) Total household income, before taxes, in 2003. D) Age of respondent. 2. When examining a distribution of a quantitative variable, which of the following features do we look for? A) Overall shape, center, and spread. B) Symmetry or skewness. C) Deviations from overall patterns such as outliers. D) The number of peaks or modes. E) All of the above. A) 36% B) 40% C) 44% D) 52% 4. How would you describe the distribution seen in the histogram above? A) Normal with outliers B) Normal without outliers C) Right-skewed with outliers D) Right-skewed without outliers E) Left-skewed with outliers The finurommental Protection Agency reconds data on the fuet econony of many differem makes of cars. 5. Data on the mileage of 20 randomly selected cars are listed below. The values are ordered for convenience. What is the median mileage for these 20 cars? Write your answer on the answer A) 17.5 miles per gallon B) 19 miles per gallon C) 19.5 miles per gallon D) 20 miles per gallon 6. If the value 29 was mistyped and should really be 92 (hybrid car), what wou median mileage be for these 20 cars? A) It would be the same. B) It would be higher. C) It would be lower. D) We cannot determine this from the given information. Based on this plot, which of the following conclusions might we draw? A) By 2020 the world-record time for women will be well below 1500 seconds. B) About every decade between 1955 and 2020, the world-record time will decrease by at least 100 seconds. C) About every decade between 1955 and 2020, the world-record time will decrease by about 50 seconds. D) None of the above. 19. A college newspaper interviews a psychologist about a proposed system for rating the teaching ability of faculty members. The psychologist says, "The evidence indicates that the correlation between a faculty member's research productivity and teaching rating is close to zero." What would be a correct interpretation of this statement? A) Good researchers tend to be poor teachers and vice versa. B) Good teachers tend to be poor researchers and vice versa. C) Good research and good teaching go hand in hand. D) Good researchers are just as likely to be good teachers as they are bad teacher (Likewise for poor researchers.)
