Question
38. In its 2018 annual report to shareholders, Black Inc. disclosed the following information about income taxes. A reconciliation of income taxes computed at the
38. In its 2018 annual report to shareholders, Black Inc. disclosed the following information about income taxes. A reconciliation of income taxes computed at the United States federal statutory income tax rate (35%) to the provision (benefit) for income taxes reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 is as follows ($ in millions):
2018 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||||||
Provision (benefit) for income taxes at United States federal statutory rate of 35% | $ | 5.2 | $ | (4.9 | ) | $ | (11.3 | ) | ||||
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | (4.1 | ) | (4.3 | ) | (3.9 | ) | ||||||
Taxes on foreign income which differ from the United States statutory rate | (2.5 | ) | 0.6 | (0.7 | ) | |||||||
Losses with no tax benefit | 2.8 | 4.2 | 6.2 | |||||||||
Benefit of foreign sales corporation | -- | -- | (0.5 | ) | ||||||||
Other | 0.5 | (3.2 | ) | -- | ||||||||
$ | 1.9 | $ | (7.6 | ) | $ | (10.2 | ) | |||||
The significant components of the net deferred tax assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows ($ in millions):
2018 | 2017 | |||||||
Deferred Tax Assets: | ||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 141.6 | 139.0 | |||||
Sales incentive discounts. | 30.6 | 22.8 | ||||||
Inventory valuation reserves | 15.0 | 8.3 | ||||||
Postretirement benefits | 7.8 | 8.2 | ||||||
Other | 64.2 | 74.1 | ||||||
Valuation allowance | (52.7 | ) | (71.8 | ) | ||||
Total deferred tax assets | $ | 206.5 | $ | 180.6 | ||||
2018 | 2017 | |||||
Deferred Tax Liabilities: | ||||||
Tax over book depreciation | 23.5 | 24.2 | ||||
Tax over book amortization of patent | 18.2 | 17.9 | ||||
Other | 19.1 | 16.3 | ||||
Total deferred tax liabilities | 60.8 | 58.4 | ||||
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 145.7 | $ | 122.2 | ||
Estimate the effective tax rate for Black Inc. in 2018. Why is it different from the 35% federal statutory rate? (Enter your answer rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Effective tax rate ______ %
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