3.Raskauskas and Stoltz (2007) asked a group of 84 adolescents about their involvement in traditional and electronic bullying. The researchers defined electronic bullying as a means of bullying in which peers use electronics (such as text messages, emails, and defaming Web sites) to taunt, threaten, harass, and/or intimidate a peer (p. 565). The table below is a frequency table showing the adolescents reported incidence of being victims or perpetrators of traditional and electronic bullying.

a.Using the table below as an example, explain the idea of a frequency table to a person who has never taken a course in statistics.

b.Explain the general meaning of the pattern of results.

Incidence of Traditional and Electronic Bullying and Victimization (N = 84)

Forms of bullyingN%

Electronic victims4148.8

Text-message victim2732.1

Internet victim (websites, chatrooms)1315.5

Camera-phone victim89.5

Traditional victims6071.4

Physical victim3845.2

Teasing victim5059.5

Rumors victim3238.6

Exclusion victim3050

Electronic bullies1821.4

Text-message bully1821.4

Internet bully1113.1

Traditional bullies5464.3

Physical bully2934.5

Teasing bully3845.2

Rumor bully2226.2

Exclusion bully3541.7