4 9 is continuous at x c provided g c 0 Proof We are investigating continuity of f g at x c Clearly it is defined at x c We have 114 lim f g x lim f x g x X C MATHEMATICS Hence f g is continuous at x c Proofs for the remaining parts are similar and left as an exercise to the reader lim f x lim g x X C X C function defined by f c g c f g c Rationalised 2023 24 Remarks 1 As a special case of 3 above if f is a constant function i e f x 2 for some real number then the function 2 g defined by g x g x is also continuous In particular if 1 the continuity of fimplies continuity of f ii As a special case of 4 above if f is the constant function f x 2 then the 2 g you by definition of f g by the theorem on limits as fand g are continuous by definition of f g 2 2 x is also continuous wherever g x 0 In g x g particular the continuity of g implies continuity of g The above theorem can be exploited to generate many continuous functions They also aid in deciding if certain functions are continuous or not The following examples illustrate this Example 16 Prove that every rational function is continuous Solution Recall that every rational function fis given by Bird q x 0 P x f x 9 x where p and q are polynomial functions The domain off is all real numbers except points at which q is zero Since polynomial functions are continuous Example 14 fis continuous by 4 of Theorem 1 Example 17 Discuss the continuity of sine function Solution to see this we use the following facts lim sin x 0 X 0 We have not proved it but is intuitively clear from the graph of sin x near 0 Now observe that f x sin x is defined for every real number Let c be a real xc we know that h 0 Therefore number Put x c h lim f x lim sin x X C X C lim sin c h h 0 blishe lim sin ccos h cosc sin h h 0 lim sinc cos h lim cos c sin h