4) A machinist wishes to insert a steel rod with a diameter of 9 mm into a hole with a diameter of 8.993 mm. By how much would the machinist have to lower the temperature (in C) of the rod to make it fit the hole? 

5) As a gasoline engine is running, an amount of gasoline containing 13,200 J of chemical potential energy is burned in 1 s. During that second, the engine does 3,300 J of work.

a. What is the engine's efficiency (in percent)?

b. The burning gasoline has a temperature of about 4,200F (2,600 K). The waste heat from the engine flows into air at about 84F (302 K). What is the Carnot efficiency (in percent) of a heat engine operating between these two temperatures?

6) An irreversible process takes place by which the entropy of the universe increases by 1.65 J/K. If the temperature of the environment in which the process occurred is 235 K, how much energy (in J) was made unavailable for useful work as a result?

14) An aluminum vat is 11 m long at room temperature (20C). How much longer is it when it contains boiling water at 1 atm pressure?

15) An aluminum wing on a passenger jet is 27 m long when its temperature is 15C. At what temperature would the wing be 7 cm (0.07 m) shorter?

16) Air in a balloon does 55 J of work while absorbing 99 J of heat. What is its change in internal energy?

17) An apartment has the dimensions 15 m by 8 m by 5 m. The temperature is 25C, and the relative humidity is 52 percent. What is the total mass (in kg) of water vapor in the air in the apartment?