4.a.What are the two numerical series used by Malthus when he developed the population principle?Malthus named two measures that ultimately would limit population.What are these two measures and what did Malthus mean by them?Explain your answers.

b.Consider the following equation.

P = f(S - R)

"Change" is represented by , P represents population, f denotes a function, S represents the actual per capita food supply, and R represents the amount of food required per capita for subsistence.Assume:S > R.What does the population principle predict will happen to population?What will happen to S as population increases?Explain your answers.

c.Which of the three classes that share in the functional distribution of income are best off when the classical stationary state is reached?Explain your answer.

d.Suppose a nation harvests an annual crop each September.Workers are paid from the wages fund during the time between each harvest.Is the wages fund a stock or a flow?Is payment to the workers a stock or a flow?Explain your answers.