4. Irmak offers an ontology for software as an abstract object, akin to the ontology of:

A. ordinary objects B. musical works C. object-oriented programming D. nand gates and their equivalencies

7.

According to Prasad, why does software quality continue to be terrible when compared to hardware, pharmaceutical, manufacturing and other industries?

A. the ease of software theft and piracy B. unrealistic construction schedules C. the prevalence of zero-day exploits D. lack of proper training among computer programmers.

16.

Why does Grniak-Kocikowska claim that 'computers do not know borders'? A. Because the entire population of our Globe will be affected by computers. B. Because computers cannot know anything, least of all a 'border'. C. Because computers are just programmed that way. D. Because computers are apolitical.

17.

Volokh predicted that the Internet (infobahn) would give rise to a possible dark side, which included...

A. Extremists with access to the media B. Falsehoods with an audience of millions C. That people will choose to watch and read infotainment instead of the important news of the day D. All the above

20.

The almost religious conviction that "a widespread adoption of computers and communications systems along with easy access to electronic information will automatically produce a better world for human living" is what Winner called...

A. The Computer Revolutio B. Techno-romanticism C. Technological Somnambulism D. Mythinformation.

21.

What is the best way to characterize the relationship between computers and values?

A. Computers are value-laden, being the visible manifestation of values, for good or bad; they are never neutral. B. Computers are always morally or politically neutral; neither good nor bad in itself. C. Computers are neither good nor bad; nor are they always morally or politically neutral.

PLease give explanation