4. Reasoning: How does the court justify its decision? Why, in other words, does the court arrive at the decision that 4. Reasoning: How does the court justify its decision? Why, in other words, does the court arrive at the decision that it does? What is the argument the court provides in support of its decision?

Principle: What is the case's bottom-line legal takeaway? Why does the case matter, and what general principle, if any, does it stand for?

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152 HUNTER V. SOUTHAM INC. Dickson J. [1984] 2 S.C.R. The roots of the right to be so secure are embedded in [TRADUCTION] Le droit a la protection tire son ori- the common law and the safeguards according that right gine de la common law et les garanties de ce droit se are found in common law, in statutes subsequently trouvent dans la common law, dans les lois adoptees par enacted, and in decisions of the courts made as the la suite et dans les decisions que les cours ont rendues a society in which we live has evolved. The expression of mesure qu'evoluait notre societe. L'expression de ce the right in a constitutional document reminds us of droit dans un document constitutionnel nous rappelle those roots and the tradition associated with the right. cette origine et la tradition qui s'attachent a ce droit. II One would be presumptuous to assume that we have serait presomptueux de croire que nous avons atteint attained the zenith of our development as a civilization l'apogee de notre evolution en tant que civilisation et que and that the right accorded an individual is frozen for le droit accorde a une personne est immuable. Cepen- eternity. Section 8, however, requires us to be ever dant, l'article 8 nous oblige a toujours nous rappeler mindful of some of the criteria that have been applied in certains des criteres qui ont ete appliques dans le passe the past in securing the right. pour garantir ce droit. Applying this approach, Prowse J.A. conclud- Appliquant ce point de vue, le juge Prowse a ed-correctly in Southam Inc.'s submission-that, conclud bon droit selon Southam Inc.-qu'a absent exceptional circumstances, the provisions of moins de circonstances exceptionnelles les disposi- s. 443 of the Criminal Code, which extends to tions de l'art. 443 du Code criminel, qui etendent investigations of Criminal Code offences the pro- aux enquetes sur les infractions prevues au Code cedural safeguards the common law required for criminel les garanties en matiere de procedure que entries and searches for stolen goods, constitute la common law exige quant aux fouilles et aux the minimal prerequisites for reasonable searches perquisitions visant des biens voles, constituent les and seizures in connection with the investigation of conditions prealables minimales pour que des any criminal offence, including possible violations fouilles, des perquisitions et des saisies soient rai- of the Combines Investigation Act. Prowse J.A. sonnables dans le cas d'une enquete portant sur summarized these procedural safeguards in the une infraction criminelle et notamment sur des following propositions: violations possibles de la Loi relative aux enquetes sur les coalitions. Le juge Prowse a resume ainsi ces garanties en matiere de procedure: (a) the power to authorize a search and seizure is [TRADUCTION] a) le pouvoir d'autoriser une fouille, given to an impartial and independent person (at une perquisition et une saisie est attribue a une per- common law a justice) who is bound to act judicially sonne impartiale et independante (un juge de paix en in discharging that function, common law) qui, dans l'exercice de cette fonction, est tenue d'agir de facon judiciaire, (b) that evidence must satisfy the justice that the b) ces depositions doivent convaincre le juge de paix person seeking the authority has reasonable ground to que la personne qui demande l'autorisation a des suspect that an offence had been committed, motifs raisonnables de soupconner qu'une infraction a ete commise, (c) that evidence must satisfy the justice that the c) ces depositions doivent convaincre le juge de paix person seeking the authority has reasonable grounds que la personne qui demande l'autorisation a, suivant to believe, at common law, that stolen property may la common law, des motifs raisonnables de croire que be on the premises or, under s. 443(1)(b), that some- des biens voles peuvent se trouver dans les lieux ou thing will afford evidence of an offence may be recov- que, suivant l'al. 443(1)b), il peut s'y trouver quelque ered, and chose qui fournira une preuve qu'une infraction a ete perpetree, et (d) there must be evidence on oath before him. d) les depositions presentees au juge de paix doivent etre faites sous serment. Southam Inc. contends that subss. 10(1) and Southam Inc. soutient que les par. 10(1) et 10(3) fail to provide any of these safeguards. In its 10(3) n'offrent aucune de ces garanties. Selon elle, submission, the approval by a member of the l'approbation par un membre de la CPRC de la