4. The residual dividend model The residual dividend policy approach to dividend policy is based on the theory that a firm's optimal dividend distribution policy is a function of the firm's target capital structure, the investment opportunities available to the firm, and the availability and cost of external capital. The firm makes distributions based on the residual eamings. Consider the case of Yellow Duck Distribution Inc.: Yellow Duck Distribution Inc. is expected to generate $180,000,000 in net income over the next year. Yellow Duck Distribution's stockholders expect it to maintain its long-run dividend payout ratio of 40% of earnings. 40% Equity 60% Debt If the firm wants to maintain its current capital structure of 60% debt and 40% equity, the maximum capital budget it can support with this year's expected net income is If Yellow Duck Distribution Inc. reduces the amount of its forecasted capital budget, how will this affect the fim's annual dividend, assuming that all other factors are held constant? O The amount that Yellow Duck Distribution will pay out in dividends this year will decrease O The amount that Yellow Duck Distribution will pay out in dividends this year will increase Most firms have eamnings that vary considerably from year to year and do not grow at a reliably constant pace. Furthermore, their required investment may change often. Which of these statements is the most accurate? O Most firms can still use the concepts behind a residual dividend policy to make long-run decisions about dividends A residual dividend policy can't be of any help to most firms