4. There are several equivalent definitions of concavity. (1) We say a twice-differentiable function f to be (strictly) concave up on (a, b) if for
4. There are several equivalent definitions of concavity. (1) We say a twice-differentiable function f to be (strictly) concave up on (a, b) if for any distinct $1, 12 6 (a, b) (assume 21 0, d > 0 and $
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