4. What is the key feature of a simple proposition? O An internal structure O Truth value depends on its parts O No internal structure O Contains multiple propositions

5. Which is a simple proposition? O The person had cake, but did not enjoy it. O l am a bird or I am a human. O Empathy should be practiced by everyone. O Either I am smart, or they are fools and do not understand the issue.

7. A student states: "Road A is straight. Road B is winding. Roads A and B intersect." Which term describes this type of argument? Inductive argument O True argument O Invalid argument Non-argument

13. Two friends disoussed pets and made two statements: Friend 1: "More people I know have dogs than any other pet, so dogs are the most popular pets." Friend 2: "That argument relies on the fallacy of anecdotal evidence to support this claim, so it can't be correct that dogs are popular pets. Which type of fallacy is Friend 2 committing? O Hasty generalization fallacy O The fallacy-fallacy O Straw man fallacy Bandwagon fallacy

18. One should generally consider a source to be credible, so long as it comports with the views the reader knows to be correct. Which response summarizes the statement's hidden assumption?

Only sources that include author and source are considered credible.

Only sources that affirm one's political beliefs are credible.

Only sources that one agrees with may be considered credible.

Only sources with statistical data may be considered credible.

20. What is confirmation bias? A self-reflective process in which an individual challenges their own beliefs to ensure they are correct O The rational way to think about a solution based on reason and evidence O The effort to interpret others' reasoning in the best possible light to debate on the merits of an argument and avoid fallacies O The natural tendency to seek evidence that supports personal beliefs and ignore evidence that gets in the way of those beliefs.

24. A witness is testifying against a defendant in a court case. During cross-examination the defense attorney brings up economic & tax fraud committed by the witness 4 years ago. What is the reason for this not being an ad hominem attack in the given scenario? Because the lawyer is not using a threat to compel agreement from the witness Because the lawyer is trying to introduce an irrelevant topic in the argument. Because the lawyer is trying to find out the origin of an idea to reject or accept the witness's claim. Because the lawyer is checking the creditability of the witness.

25. There are many different sources of information, the internet, social media posts, podcasts, videos, news articles, and countless other media. What is the best way to get a picture of the source of information? Ensure the information makes sense. Look for quotes from a qualified person. Look at a variety of primary sources. Stick to only one source you trust.

26. Most people today believe the Earth is round. Members of the International Flat Earth Society believe that the Earth is flat. Suppose someone begins to research the question of the Earth's shape, The sources listed below were among the first search engine results Which sources are reliable? Choose 2 answers - A published collection of photographs taken by astronauts on space missions over the last 20 years - A book that argues that the belief that the Earth is round was spread by individuals like Isaac Newton, Neil Armstrong, and Galileo, who wanted to replace religion with science - Models of what the night sky looks like for each point of view. - A documentary about scientific hoaxes about space funded by the International Flat Earth Society. - Opinion pieces published by members of the International Flat Earth Society.