40. It is known that for right-handed people, the dominant (right) hand tends to be stronger. For left-handed people who live in a world designed for right-handed people, the same may not be true. To test this, muscle strength was measured on the right and left hands of a random sample of 15 left-handed men and the difference (left - right) was found. The alternative hypothesis is one-sided (left hand stronger). The resulting t- statistic was 1.80. this example of: A. A two-sample I-test. B. A paired t-test C. ANOVA D. Correlation analysis1. A statistical measure of the degree to which two variables move together. A. ANOVA B. coefficient of variation C. Correlation analysis D. All of the above 2. A researcher performed pairwise comparisons using independent t-test between the groups of patients regarding their hemoglobin level. What is the problem that the researcher committed? A. Reduced study power B. Type I error inflation C . Type II error inflation D. Finding correct conclusions 3. The rejection probability of Null Hypothesis when it is true is called as? A. Level of Confidence 3 Level of Significance C. Level of Margin D. Level of Rejection 4. By comparing the cancer rate between smokers and nonsmokers, Alpha was conside to be 0.05, the P-value of 0.120 means? A. Reject null B Fail to reject null C. Reject alternative D. Fail to reject null 5. On comparing obese and non-obese regarding their cholesterol level (in g/dl), the statistical test is? A. Paired t-test B Independent t-test C. ANOVA D. Chi - square test6. Spearman's rank correlation is used for calculating the correlation between variables. What is the nature of variables used for this model? A. Scale and ordinal level B. Nominal level only C. Ordinal level only D. Scale level only 7. Without calculation, if you know that X explain 64% of Y changes, this means that: A. There is an intermediate positive correlation between X and Y B. There is a strong positive correlation between X and Y A. There is Perfect negative correlation between X and Y B. There is no available interpretation regarding correlation analysis 8. A coefficient of correlation is computed to be -0.95. What is the best interpretation for this value? A. The relationship between two variables is weak B. The relationship between two variables is strong and positive C. The relationship between the variables is strong but negative D. Correlation coefficient cannot have this value 9. In a case control study to assess relation between smoking (1 for smokers, 0 for non- smokers) and cancer lung (I for cancer, 0 for normal), OR=2 this means? A. Smoker have double risk for having cancer lung B. Smoking was protective factor for having cancer lung C. Nonsmoker have double risk for having CL D. No association 10. In multiple regression, when the global test of significance is rejected. What is the best conclusion for this finding? A. All of the net sample regression coefficients are equal to zero B. All of the sample regression coefficients are not equal to zero C. At least one sample regression coefficient is not equal to zero D. The regression equation intersects the Y-axis at zero16. An investigator reports that the regression coefficients of a regression line is 0.75 and the correlation coefficient is - 0.32. Are the results: A. Conclusive B. Valid Invalid D. Inconclusive 17. Discriminant ability of screening test and the best fit cutoff point can be estimated using: A. Tests of hypothesis B. Bayesian statistics theory C. ROC curve D. Factor analysis 18. The following are percentages of fat found in 5 samples of each of two brands of baby food: A: 3.7, 5.2, 6.2, 6.3, 70.2 B: 4.6, 33.9, 5.9, 6.4, 63.4 Which of the following procedures is appropriate to test the hypothesis of equal average fat content in the two types of ice cream? A. Paired t-test B. Two samples t-test C. Mann-Whiteny test D. ANOVA 19. Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ......... of several populations: A. Medians B. Means C. Modes D. Standard deviations25. In conducting prospective cohort study with patients follow up for 1 year to a relation between sedentary work life style versus outdoor work and obesity (0 Non-obese), the best used measure of association is? A. Odds ratio Relative risk C. Prevalence ratio D. Eta squared 26. In ANOVA with 4 groups and a total sample size of 44, the computed F statistic and tabulated F is 15.6 In this case, the p-value is: A. Less than 0.05 B. More than 0.05 Equals 0.05 D. Cannot be detected 27. What is the function of a post-test in ANOVA? A. Describe those groups that have reliable differences between group means B. Set the critical value for the F C. Determine if any statistically significant group differences have occurred D. None of the above 28. Kaplan-Meier estimator is approximately unbiased estimate of .......... A. Distribution function B. Density function C. Survival function D. Hazard function 29. To compare survival rates among two or more independent groups, ..............is A. Pearson X2 test B. Wilk's test C. Wilcoxon test D. Log rank test30. What percentage of measurements in a dataset fall above the median? A. 48% B. 50% C. 339% D. 66% 31. A researcher conducting study to assess the effect of a new drug (drug 1) on the control of blood pressure (in mmig) versus a standard drug (drug 2). The null hypothesis will be ? A. Mean blood pressure I more than mean blood pressure 2 B. Mean blood pressure I less than mean blood pressure 2 C. Mean blood pressure 2 incomparable with mean blood pressure I D. Mean blood pressure I equals mean blood pressure 2 32. For the chi-square test to be effective, the expected value for each cell in the contingency table has to be at least? A. 3 B. 5 C. 10 D. Any value 33. When the correlation coefficient, r, is close to one what this means? A. There is no relationship between the two variables B. there is a strong linear relationship between the two variables C. it is impossible to tell if there is a relationship between the two variables D. the slope of the regression line will be close to one 34. Which of the following statements are true about survival analysis? A. Survival analysis analyzes the time to an event B. Survival analysis has a numerical outcome C. ROC curves applied in survival analysis D. Used with cross sectional data35. In binary logistic regression: A. The dependent variable is continuous B. The independent variable is usually categorical C. The dependent variable consists of two categories D. The independent variable consists of two categories 36. Which of the following methods do we use to find the best fit line for data in Linear Regression? A. Least Square Error B. Maximum Likelihood C . Logarithmic Loss D. Normal distribution 37. If the values of two variables move in the same direction, A. The correlation is said to be non-linear B. The correlation is said to be linear C. The correlation is said to be negative D. The correlation is said to be positive 38. Statistical significance or the probability of finding statistical significance is also known A. Degrees of freedom (df) B. Standard deviation (SD) C. Test power D. P-value 39. In testing for the difference between two skewed different populations, it is possible to use A. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test B. Independent t-test C. Kruskal-Walli's test D. Mann-Whitney test