42. 43. Muslim inhabitants. Ultimately the crusaders came away with no permanent conquest, but they returned with something even more valuable, The Crusades changed Europe in a way not seen before. The crusades spawned a rebirth of and unseen in Europe since the fall of Rome. It's believed that around 1000, Europe became warmer and emerged from a mini which made it possible to new cultivate lands which in turn spurred a growth in population. There is a reversal of what had happened toward the end of the Roman era. Towns and cities are reborn and Europe is on the verge of one of its most and periods in its history. Following this long period of darkness there came a brilliant explosion of cultural achievements in the 12th and 13th centuries that would lead to the Renaissance. The night that followed the sunset was long and uncertain, and the turmoil it wrought consumed countless men, but mankind itself did not yield. With its gaze fixed on a distant future it persevered until the rst rays of a new dawn long at last penetrated the horizon