43 From greatest to least, rank the energy needed for these phase changes for equal amounts of water a From ice to ice water b From ice water to boiling water c From boiling water to steam 45 Why is sweating an efficient mechanism for cooling off on a hot day 53 Double pane windows have nitrogen gas or very dry air between the panes Why is ordinary air a poor idea 61 A great amount of water vapor changes phase to become water in the clouds that form a thunderstorm Does this release thermal energy or absorb it 62 Why does the temperature of boiling water remain the same as long as the heating and boiling continue 68 How can water be brought to a boil without heating it 77 What is the temperature of an ice water mixture 78 Why is very cold ice sticky when touched with your hands 87 When ice in a pond melts, what effect does this have on the temperature of the nearby air 90 Suppose your refrigerator freezer temperature stays at exactly 0C If you place a glass of water into this appliance, would it freeze If you placed an ice cube into this appliance, would it melt Explain 45 A friend said the temperature inside an oven is 500 and the temperature inside a particular star is 50,000 You're unsure whether your friend meant Celsius degrees or kelvins How much difference does it make in each case 47 When heat flows from a warm object in contact with a cool object, do both objects undergo the same amount of temperature change Explain 51 What happens to the gas pressure within a sealed gallon can when it is heated When it is cooled Why 52 Suppose you do 100 J of work in compressing a gas If 80 J of heat escapes in the process, what is the change in internal energy of the gas 61 Would you cool a room if you plugged in an air conditioner unit and placed it on a table in the middle of the room Defend your answer 64 A refrigerator moves heat from cold to warm Why does this not violate the second law of thermodynamics 66 In buildings that are being electrically heated, is it at all wasteful to turn all the lights on Is turning all the lights on wasteful if the building is being cooled by air conditioning 69 According to the second law of thermodynamics, is the universe moving to a more ordered state or to a more disordered state 75 As a chicken develops from an egg, it becomes more ordered with time Does this violate the principle of entropy Explain 51 If a pendulum is shortened, does its frequency increase or decrease What about its period How do frequency and period relate 55 When the frequency of a wave decreases, what happens to the period The wavelength Use equations in your explanation 60 What kind of motion should you impart to a stretched Slinky to provide a transverse wave To provide a longitudinal wave 62 Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light Which has the greater frequency Which has greater energy for the same intensity 68 How many nodes, not including the endpoints, are there in a standing wave that is two wavelengths long Three wavelengths long 72 Why is there a Doppler effect when the source of sound is stationary and the listener is in motion In which direction should the listener move to hear a higher frequency A lower frequency 75 How does the Doppler effect aid police in detecting speeding motorists 84 Why is lightning seen before thunder is heard 93 Astronomers find that light emitted by a particular element at one edge of a distant star has a slightly higher frequency than light from that element at the opposite edge What do these measurements tell us about the star's motion 46 Why do you not hear the sound of distant fireworks until after you see them 51 Suppose a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave have the same frequency Which has the longer wavelength 52 Suppose that somehow a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave have the same wavelength Which has the higher frequency 54 Sound from source A has twice the frequency of sound from source B Compare the wavelengths of sound from the two sources 58 If a bell is ringing inside a bell jar, we can no longer hear it when the air is evacuated, but we can still see it What differences in the properties of sound and light does this indicate 68 What two physics mistakes occur in a science fiction movie that shows a distant explosion in outer space, where you see and hear the explosion at the same time 72 Your classmate says that the speed of sound and the frequency of sound depend on the medium in which it travels What part of this statement do you disagree with 81 A piano tuner using a 264 Hz tuning fork hears 4 beats per second What are two possible frequencies of vibration of the piano wire 85 Ultrasonic waves have many applications in technology and medicine One advantage is that high intensities can be used without danger to the ear Cite another advantage of their short wavelength (Hint Why do microscopists use blue light rather than white light to see detail ) 88 A pair of loudspeakers on two sides of a stage are emitting identical pure tones (tones of a fixed frequency and fixed wavelength in air) When you stand in the center aisle, equally distant from the two speakers, you hear the sound loud and clear Why does the intensity of the sound diminish considerably when you step to one side (Suggestion Use a diagram to make your point )

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43. From greatest to least, rank the energy needed for these phase changes for equal amounts of water. a. From ice to ice-water. b. From

43. From greatest to least, rank the energy needed for these phase changes for equal amounts of water.
1. a. From ice to ice-water.
2. b. From ice-water to boiling water.
3. c.From boiling water to steam.
45. Why is sweating an efficient mechanism for cooling off on a hot day?
53. Double-pane windows have nitrogen gas or very dry air between the panes. Why is ordinary air a poor idea?
61. A great amount of water vapor changes phase to become water in the clouds that form a thunderstorm. Does this release thermal energy or absorb it?
62. Why does the temperature of boiling water remain the same as long as the heating and boiling continue?
68. How can water be brought to a boil without heating it?
77. What is the temperature of an ice-water mixture?
78. Why is very cold ice "sticky" when touched with your hands?
87. When ice in a pond melts, what effect does this have on the temperature of the nearby air?
90. Suppose your refrigerator/freezer temperature stays at exactly 0C. If you place a glass of water into this appliance, would it freeze? If you placed an ice cube into this appliance, would it melt? Explain.
45. A friend said the temperature inside an oven is 500 and the temperature inside a particular star is 50,000. You're unsure whether your friend meant Celsius degrees or kelvins. How much difference does it make in each case?
47. When heat flows from a warm object in contact with a cool object, do both objects undergo the same amount of temperature change? Explain.
51. What happens to the gas pressure within a sealed gallon can when it is heated? When it is cooled? Why?
52. Suppose you do 100 J of work in compressing a gas. If 80 J of heat escapes in the process, what is the change in internal energy of the gas?
61. Would you cool a room if you plugged in an air conditioner unit and placed it on a table in the middle of the room? Defend your answer.
64. A refrigerator moves heat from cold to warm. Why does this not violate the second law of thermodynamics?
66. In buildings that are being electrically heated, is it at all wasteful to turn all the lights on? Is turning all the lights on wasteful if the building is being cooled by air-conditioning?
69. According to the second law of thermodynamics, is the universe moving to a more ordered state or to a more disordered state?
75.As a chicken develops from an egg, it becomes more ordered with time. Does this violate the principle of entropy? Explain.
51. If a pendulum is shortened, does its frequency increase or decrease? What about its period? How do frequency and period relate?
55. When the frequency of a wave decreases, what happens to the period? The wavelength? Use equations in your explanation.
60. What kind of motion should you impart to a stretched Slinky to provide a transverse wave? To provide a longitudinal wave?
62. Red light has a longer wavelength than violet light. Which has the greater frequency? Which has greater energy for the same intensity?
68. How many nodes, not including the endpoints, are there in a standing wave that is two wavelengths long? Three wavelengths long?
72. Why is there a Doppler effect when the source of sound is stationary and the listener is in motion? In which direction should the listener move to hear a higher frequency? A lower frequency?
75. How does the Doppler effect aid police in detecting speeding motorists?
84. Why is lightning seen before thunder is heard?
93. Astronomers find that light emitted by a particular element at one edge of a distant star has a slightly higher frequency than light from that element at the opposite edge. What do these measurements tell us about the star's motion?
46. Why do you not hear the sound of distant fireworks until after you see them?
51. Suppose a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave have the same frequency. Which has the longer wavelength?
52. Suppose that somehow a sound wave and an electromagnetic wave have the same wavelength. Which has the higher frequency?
54. Sound from source A has twice the frequency of sound from source B. Compare the wavelengths of sound from the two sources.
58. If a bell is ringing inside a bell jar, we can no longer hear it when the air is evacuated, but we can still see it. What differences in the properties of sound and light does this indicate?
68. What two physics mistakes occur in a science fiction movie that shows a distant explosion in outer space, where you see and hear the explosion at the same time?
72. Your classmate says that the speed of sound and the frequency of sound depend on the medium in which it travels. What part of this statement do you disagree with?
81. A piano tuner using a 264-Hz tuning fork hears 4 beats per second. What are two possible frequencies of vibration of the piano wire?
85. Ultrasonic waves have many applications in technology and medicine. One advantage is that high intensities can be used without danger to the ear. Cite another advantage of their short wavelength. (Hint: Why do microscopists use blue light rather than white light to see detail?)
88. A pair of loudspeakers on two sides of a stage are emitting identical pure tones (tones of a fixed frequency and fixed wavelength in air). When you stand in the center aisle, equally distant from the two speakers, you hear the sound loud and clear. Why does the intensity of the sound diminish considerably when you step to one side? (Suggestion: Use a diagram to make your point.)