4-52 Alternative job costing systems Over the past 15 years, Anthony's Auto Shop

has developed a reputation for reliable repairs and has grown from a one-person operation to a nineperson

operation, including one manager and eight skilled auto mechanics. In recent years, however,

competition from mass merchandisers has eroded business volume and profits, leading the owner,

Anthony Axle, to ask his manager to take a closer look at the cost structure of the auto shop.

The manager determined that direct materials (parts and components) are identified with individual

jobs and charged directly to the customer. Direct labor (mechanics) is also identified with individual

jobs and charged at a prespecified rate to the customers. The salary and benefits for a senior mechanic

are $65,000 per year, and they are $45,000 per year for a junior mechanic. Each mechanic can work up

to 1,750 hours in a year on customer jobs, but if there are not enough jobs to keep each of them busy,

the cost of their compensation still will have to be incurred. The manager's salary and benefits amount

to $75,000 per year. In addition, the following fixed costs are also incurred each year:

Rent $40,000

Insurance 7,000

Utilities 7,000

Supplies 10,000

Machine maintenance 9,000

Machine depreciation 23,800

Total costs $96,800

Because material costs are recovered directly from the customers, the profitability of the operation

depends on the volume of business and the hourly rate charged for labor. At present, Anthony's Auto

Shop charges $51.06 per hour for all jobs. Anthony said he would not consider firing any of the four

senior mechanics because he believes it is difficult to get workers with their skills and loyalty to the

firm, but he is willing to consider releasing one or two of the junior mechanics.

The present job costing system uses a single conversion rate for all jobs. The cost driver rate is

currently determined by dividing estimated total labor and overhead costs by expected hours

charged to customers. The eight mechanics are expected to be busy on customer jobs for 95% of

the total available time. The price of $51.06 per hour is determined by adding a markup of x% to

the cost driver rate, that is $51.06 [1 x/100] cost driver rate. Note that all personnel costs

are included in conversion costs at present.

The manager is considering switching to the use of two rates, one for class A repairs and

another for class B repairs. Electronic ignition system repairs or internal carburetor repairs are

examples of class A repairs. Class A repairs require careful measurements and adjustments with

equipment such as an oscilloscope or infrared gas analyzer. Class B repairs are simple repairs,

such as shock absorber replacements or exhaust part replacements. Class A repairs can be done

only by senior mechanics; class B repairs are done mainly by junior mechanics. Half of the hours

charged to customers are expected to be for class A repairs, and the other half for class B repairs.

Because class A repairs are expected to account for all of the senior mechanics' time and most of

the machine usage, 60% of the total costs (including personnel costs) are attributable to class A

repairs and the remaining 40% to class B repairs.

Required

(a) Determine the markup of x% currently used.

(b) Determine the two new rates, one for class A repairs and another for class B repairs, using the

same markup of x% that you determined in part a.

(c) The following are expected labor hours anticipated for two customer jobs:

JOB NO. CLASSAREPAIRS CLASS B REPAIRS

101 4.5 hours 1.5 hours

102 None 2.0 hours

Determine the price (in addition to materials) to be charged for each of the two jobs under the

present accounting system and under the proposed accounting system.

(d) What change in service mix is likely to result from the proposed price change?

(e) Provide reasons why Anthony might retain the current costing system or change to the

proposed costing system.