46.The following represent practices that are taken by some executives due to weakness in oversight in order to attempt to extract additional value from equity grants, except for?

Select one:

a. Spring-loading

b. Exercise backdating

c. Bullet-dodging

d. Exchange offer

47.Which of the following is not a type of takeover offer structure?

Select one:

a. Merger

b. Lien offer

c. Tender offer

d. Proxy contest

48.A shareholder who uses an ownership position to pursue governance changes at a corporation is considered a(n)

Select one:

a. Passive investor

b. Founding investor

c. Block-holder investor

d. Activist investor

49.Most of the boards determine compensation levels by benchmarking their CEOs pay against that of a set of comparable, which of the following is not a drawback of benchmarking

Select one:

a. It can lead to very different pay packages depending on specific companies included in their peer group

b. It allows companies to remain competitive regarding the level of compensation paid to executives

c. Compensation levels might become inflated over time as companies increase pay to match amounts paid by peers

d. It determines pay without explicit regard to value creation

50.Which of the following describes a situation where the acquiring company's management seeks to acquire another company primarily for the sake of managing a larger enterprise?

Select one:

a. Compensation incentives

b. Herding behavior

c. Hubris

d. Empire building