5. Agricultural export subsidies in a small nation The following graph shows the market for wheat in Canada, where D is the demand curve, Sg is the supply curve, and Py is the free trade price of wheat. Assume that Canada is a relatively small producer of wheat, so changes in its output do not affect the world price of wheat. Also assume that Canada is currently open to free trade, and domestic consumers are able to purchase wheat at the world price with negligible transportation costs. Suppose a subsidy of $40 per ton is granted to exporters in Canada, allowing them to sell their products abroad at prices below their costs. Assume that trade restrictions are also put in place in order to prevent domestic consumers from buying wheat abroad at the world price. Use the grey line (star symbols) to indicate the world price of wheat plus the subsidy on the following graph. Then use the black peint (plus symbol) to indicate the price of wheat in Canada and the quantity demanded at that price. Finally, use the tan point (dash symbol) to indicate the price of wheat received by Canadian producers with the subsidy and the quantity of wheat they will supply at that price. @ 400 360 320 Pt Subsidy _ 280 "!' c 2 g 240 i g Q, in Canada o 8 200 == o n 2 w180 ; o Q_in Canada 4 o g2 a0 . Loss in CS a0 a 8 0 0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 Gain in PS QUANTITY (Tons) Export subsidies result in a welfare loss to the home country due to the protective and consumption effects. In order to determine the magnitude of these effects, you must compare the change in consumer and producers surplus against the cost of the subsidy. On the previous graph, use the green quadrilateral (triangle symbols) to indicate the lass in consumer surplus due to the export subsidy. Then use the purple guadrilateral {diamond symbols) to indicate the gain in producer surplus as a result of the export subsidy. The taxpayer cost of the export subsidy equals . Using all of the previous information, compute the value of deadweight loss in Canada as a result of the export subsidy. Deadweight Loss = Loss in Consumer Surplus + Cost of Subsidy Gain in Producer Surplus =6 ]