5. Assume that (1) n = 10'7 is the per-site per-generation mutation rate of a malaria parasite, (2) the malaria genome has a total size of 23 million basepairs, and (3) the replication cycle for malaria parasites lasts 48 hours. You sequence two parasites in the lab, and count that they have exactly 1000 nucleotide differences in their entire genome. How long ago did these two parasites have a common ancestor? 6. A population of pathogens undergoes oscillations so that its population size changes from 100 to 1000 to 10,000 and then back down to 100 in a 3-generation cycle. This pattern of oscillation repeats itself consistently. What is the effective population size of this population? According to Ewens' formula, what is the probability that a beneficial mutation with s = 0.03 will fix in this population?7. A population of pathogens undergoes oscillations so that its population size changes from 1000 to 10,000 and then back down to 1000 in a 2-generation cycle. This pattern of oscillation repeats itself consistently. What is the effective population size of this population? According to Ewens' formula, what is the probability that a beneficial mutation with s = 0.03 will fix in this population?8. A new beneficial allele has appeared and you measure that its frequency in the population is 0.01. You perform some lab experiments, and you calculate that this allele is 10% more fit than the wild-type allele. What will the frequency of this new allele be one generation later? Two generations later? You can assume that the population is large and that random genetic drift does not have a noticeable effect.9. A new benecial allele has appeared and you measure that its frequency in the population is 0.01. You perform some lab experiments, and you calculate that this allele is three times more t than the wildtype allele. What will the frequency of this new allele be one generation later? Two generations later? You can assume that the population is large and that random genetic drift does not have a noticeable effect