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5. At sufciently low temperature, an atom of a vibrating diatomic molecule is a simple harmonic oscillator in its lowest energy state because it is
5. At sufciently low temperature, an atom of a vibrating diatomic molecule is a simple harmonic oscillator in its lowest energy state because it is bound to the other atom by a linear restoring force. (The restoring force is linear, at least approximately, because the molecular vibrations are very small.) The force constant C for a typical molecule has a value of about C ~ 103 N/m. The mass of the atom is about m ~ 10'26 kg. (a) Use these numbers to evaluate the limits of the classical motion from the following formula: X : ihUZ/(Cm)l/4 (b) Compare the distance between these limits to the dimensions of a typical diatomic molecule, and comment on what this comparison implies concerning the behavior of such a molecule at very low temperatures
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