5. In flexible budgets, costs that remain the same regardless of the output levels within the relevant range are: a. allocated costs. b. budgeted costs. C. fixed costs. d. variable costs. 6. The flexible budget variance for direct material and direct labor can be broken down into two more specific variances: a. the variable overhead efficiency variance and the variable overhead spending variance b. the fixed overhead efficiency variance and the fixed overhead spending variance. c. the price(rate) and the efficiency(usage) variance d. the price and the volume variance 7. The major cost management concept used in kaizen budgeting is that of. a. eliminating inventories of every type but materials. b. refinements in the indirect-cost categories for costing systems. C. continuous improvement. d. sensitivity analysis using computer-based financial planning models. 8. The four types of responsibility centers are: a. revenue, accounting, finance and treasury. b. revenue, cost, budget and actual. C. revenue, cost, variable and fixed. d. revenue, cost, profit and investment. 9. Peanut butter costing refers to: a. using broad averages to assign costs uniformly to cost objects. b. activity based costing. C. direct cost tracing. d. a method of variance analysis. 10. is the usual starting point for budgeting. a. The revenues budget b. Net income C. The production budget d. The cash budget