5: Portland Company's Ironton Plant produces precast ingots for industrial use. Carlos Santiago, who was recently appointed general manager of the Ironton Plant, has just been handed the plant's income statement for October 2020 Mr. Santiago was shocked to see the loss for the month, particularly since sales were exactly as budgeted. He stated, "I sure hope the plant has a standard cost system in operation. If it doesn't, I won't have the slightest idea of where to start looking for the problem." The plant does use a standard cost system, with the following (selected) standard variable cost per ingot: Standard Quantity Standard Price Standard or Hours or Rate Cost 4 pounds $2.50 per 0.6 hours $9.00 per 0.3 hours $ 2.00 Direct materials pound $10.00 Direct labor hour 5.40 per hour Variable manufacturing overhead 0.60 Total standard variable cost $16.00 Mr. Santiago has determined that during October the plant produced 5,000 ingots and incurred the following costs: Purchased 25,000 pounds of materials at a cost of $2.95 per pound. There were no raw materials in inventory at the beginning of the month. Used 19,800 pounds of materials in production. (Finished goods and work in process inventories are insignificant and can be ignored.) Worked 3,600 direct labor-hours at a cost of $8.70 per hour. .Incurred a total variable manufacturing overhead cost of $4,320 for the month. A total of 1,800 machine-hours was recorded. Required: Compute the following variances for October: a. Direct materials price and quantity variances. b. Direct labor rate and efficiency variances. c. Variable manufacturing overhead spending and efficiency variances