5. The minute ventilation (MV) and the alveolar ventilation rate (AVR): (18 points) The MV is defined as the total volume of air inhaled and exhaled each minute. MV = TV x breath rate (ml/minute) The AVR is defined as the volume of air that actually reaches the respiratory zone per minute. AVR = (TV-anatomic dead space) x breath rate (ml/minute) > Anatomic dead space is defined as the conducting airway with air that does not undergo air exchange. On average the anatomic dead space = 150ml. a. At rest, TV = 500ml, breath rate = 12, calculate the following: (show your calculations and write the result with proper units) (2 points) MV = (2 points) AVR= b. If the breath rate is increased by 50%, and all other variable stays the same, calculate: (show your calculations and write the result with proper units) (2 points) MV = (2 points) AVR = c. If the breath depth (the tidal volume) increases by 50% and all other variables stays the same, calculate: (show your calculations and write the result with proper units) (2 points) MV = (2 points) AVR = d. Which breathing pattern, increase in breath rate or increase in breath depth, is more effective in pulmonary respiration? Please use the calculation results above to explain why. (6 points)