$5.$ The rate of absorption in a packed tower is influenced by the $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ flow rate, the solvent's $\_\_\_\_$ properties, and the characteristics of the $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ material.

$6.$ Analytical methods for estimating the number of ideal stages in an absorption process involve solving $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ balance equations, considering the equilibrium $\_\_\_\_$ between the gas and liquid phases, and the column's $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ efficiency.

$7.$ The overall gas phase mass transfer coefficient $($Kga$)$ is significant for determining the $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ of absorption$,$ which is influenced by the solvent $\_\_\_\_$ and the packed column's $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ design.

$8.$ Designing for the condition in the gas film requires understanding the $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ to mass transfer, the gas's $\_\_\_\_$ in the solvent, and the $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ characteristics of the gas phase.