(5) When so-called open-ended delictual norms are given content in light of the basic values of chapter 2 of the Constitution, this is known as direct application of the Bill of Rights N - indirect application of the Bill of Rights vertical application of the Bill of Rights horizontal application of the Bill of Rights 5 a constitutional delict (2) (6) Jack breaks the expensive window of a rare sports car in order to steal a GPS device inside the car In respect of the damage to the window, Jack has dolus directus W N - dolus indirectus dolus eventualls A dolus indeterminatus no fault (2) (7) The principle dictating at what stage prospective loss must be claimed, is known as the sum-formula approach the 'once and for all' rule UIAWN- compensating advantages the concrete approach to damage mitigation (2) (8) Prospective loss is best assessed in accordance with the sum-formula approach WN - the 'once and for all' rule compensating advantages