5. Which of the following is not a key element of the product design process? a. Cost estimation b. Functionality c. Aesthetics d. Target market analysis

6. Just-in-Time (JIT) is a strategy that focuses on: a. Maintaining large inventories b. Minimizing lead times c. Maximizing production volume d. Reducing supplier relationships

7. Which inventory management approach aims to minimize holding costs by ordering only when needed? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) c. Just-in-Time (JIT) d. Safety stock

8. What is the purpose of a Gantt chart in project management? a. Resource allocation b. Risk analysis c. Schedule visualization d. Quality control

9. Which of the following is an example of a qualitative forecasting method? a. Moving average b. Exponential smoothing c. Delphi method d. Time series analysis

10. Which quality management approach emphasizes continuous improvement and customer satisfaction? a. Total Quality Management (TQM) b. Six Sigma c. Lean manufacturing d. ISO 9000

11. What is the primary objective of supply chain management? a. Minimizing production costs b. Maximizing profit margins c. Managing relationships with suppliers and customers d. Reducing product variety

12. Which of the following is not a common performance metric in operations management? a. Return on Investment (ROI) b. Customer satisfaction index c. Inventory turnover ratio d. Gross profit margin

13. Which production process layout is characterized by the arrangement of workstations in a U-shape? a. Product layout b. Process layout c. Cellular layout d. Fixed-position layout

14. What is the primary purpose of capacity planning? a. Minimizing production costs b. Maximizing production output c. Balancing supply and demand d. Managing inventory levels

15. Which of the following is a tool used for demand forecasting in operations management? a. Pareto chart b. Fishbone diagram c. Regression analysis d. Control chart

16. Which inventory control method uses ABC classification to prioritize items for management attention? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. ABC analysis c. Just-in-Time (JIT) d. Safety stock analysis

17. What is the primary purpose of a production scheduling system? a. Allocating resources b. Tracking employee attendance c. Monitoring customer complaints d. Analyzing financial performance

18. Which of the following is not a common type of process improvement methodology in operations management? a. Six Sigma b. Kanban c. Kaizen d. Pareto analysis

19. Which term refers to the practice of outsourcing non-core business functions to third-party providers? a. Insourcing b. Offshoring c. Outsourcing d. Reshoring

20. What does the acronym "ERP" stand for in operations management? a. Efficient Resource Planning b. Enterprise Resource Planning c. Effective Revenue Production d. Extended Resource Procurement

21. Which of the following is not a key component of supply chain management? a. Demand forecasting b. Inventory management c. Employee training d. Supplier selection

22. What is the primary purpose of a bottleneck analysis in operations management? a. Identifying resource constraints b. Evaluating product quality c. Analyzing customer feedback d. Assessing competitor performance

23. Which statistical tool is used for analyzing the relationship between two or more variables in operations management? a. Histogram b. Scatter plot c. Control chart d. Flowchart

24. Which inventory control technique aims to reduce the order quantity and minimize carrying costs? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. Reorder Point (ROP) c. Safety Stock d. Lot sizing

25. Which of the following is not a key principle of lean manufacturing? a. Eliminating waste b. Just-in-Time production c. High levels of inventory d. Continuous improvement

26. What is the primary focus of process mapping in operations management? a. Identifying bottlenecks b. Reducing lead times c. Documenting workflow d. Analyzing customer preferences

27. Which quality management tool is used to identify the most important factors causing a problem? a. Cause-and-effect diagram b. Control chart c. Pareto chart d. Scatter plot

28. Which of the following is not a common type of forecasting method in operations management? a. Time series analysis b. Regression analysis c. Exponential smoothing d. SWOT analysis

29. What is the primary purpose of a process control chart? a. Allocating resources b. Monitoring production efficiency c. Identifying defects in products d. Managing employee performance

30. Which of the following is not a key component of the DMAIC process in Six Sigma? a. Define b. Measure c. Analyze d. Communicate

31. Which inventory control method aims to maintain a buffer stock to account for variability in demand and lead time? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. Reorder Point (ROP) c. Just-in-Time (JIT) d. Safety stock

32. What does the "5S" methodology in operations management stand for? a. Standardize, Systematize, Streamline, Sustain, Safety b. Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain c. Safety, Security, Speed, Simplicity, Standardization d. Solve, Scrutinize, Synchronize, Strategize, Sustain

33. Which of the following is not a common type of production process in operations management? a. Mass production b. Job shop production c. Continuous production d. Random production

34. What is the primary purpose of a Pareto chart

in quality management? a. Identifying the most common defects b. Tracking production output c. Analyzing employee performance d. Monitoring supplier relationships

35. Which of the following is a key principle of Theory of Constraints (TOC) in operations management? a. Maximizing resource utilization b. Balancing production lines c. Identifying and managing bottlenecks d. Minimizing product variety

36. What is the primary focus of a value stream mapping exercise in lean manufacturing? a. Identifying non-value-added activities b. Reducing lead times c. Improving product quality d. Maximizing production volume

37. Which of the following is not a key component of a production control system? a. Work-in-progress inventory b. Lead time analysis c. Capacity planning d. Employee training

38. What does the "PDCA" cycle stand for in continuous improvement processes? a. Plan, Develop, Communicate, Analyze b. Process, Document, Control, Assess c. Plan, Do, Check, Act d. Produce, Deliver, Collect, Adapt

39. Which quality management approach focuses on statistical analysis and reducing process variation? a. Total Quality Management (TQM) b. Six Sigma c. Lean manufacturing d. Kaizen

40. Which of the following is a key principle of agile project management in operations? a. Detailed planning up front b. Emphasizing processes and tools c. Welcoming changes in requirements d. Strict adherence to the original project plan

41. What is the primary purpose of a supply chain network design? a. Maximizing production capacity b. Optimizing transportation costs c. Managing customer relationships d. Controlling production quality

42. Which inventory control technique calculates the order quantity based on the average demand and lead time? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. Reorder Point (ROP) c. Safety Stock d. ABC analysis

43. What is the primary goal of demand forecasting in operations management? a. Minimizing production costs b. Maximizing customer satisfaction c. Reducing lead times d. Balancing supply and demand

44. Which of the following is not a common type of waste in lean manufacturing? a. Overproduction b. Underutilized resources c. Overstaffing d. Overinspection

45. What is the primary purpose of a root cause analysis in operations management? a. Identifying immediate causes of problems b. Assigning blame to individuals c. Identifying the underlying causes of problems d. Documenting historical data

46. Which of the following is a key component of risk management in operations? a. Ignoring potential risks b. Risk avoidance c. Risk acceptance d. Risk mitigation

47. What is the primary focus of a time and motion study in operations management? a. Identifying bottlenecks b. Reducing lead times c. Optimizing work processes d. Managing customer expectations

48. Which of the following is not a key step in the procurement process? a. Supplier evaluation b. Supplier negotiation c. Order fulfillment d. Inventory management

49. What is the primary goal of a value-added analysis in operations management? a. Maximizing production volume b. Identifying non-value-added activities c. Minimizing lead times d. Reducing employee turnover

50. Which of the following is a key principle of agile manufacturing in operations? a. High specialization of workers b. Mass production techniques c. Rapid response to changing customer needs d. Centralized decision-making

51. What is the primary purpose of a demand forecasting model in operations management? a. Allocating resources b. Predicting future demand c. Monitoring production efficiency d. Analyzing employee performance

52. Which of the following is a key principle of supply chain sustainability? a. Maximizing waste generation b. Minimizing supplier relationships c. Balancing economic, social, and environmental concerns d. Prioritizing short-term profits

53. What is the primary focus of a process flowchart in operations management? a. Identifying bottlenecks b. Visualizing the sequence of activities c. Analyzing financial performance d. Evaluating employee satisfaction

54. Which inventory control technique calculates the reorder point based on safety stock and lead time demand variability? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. Reorder Point (ROP) c. Safety Stock d. ABC analysis

55. What is the primary purpose of a supply chain risk assessment in operations management? a. Identifying opportunities for cost reduction b. Evaluating supplier performance c. Identifying potential disruptions and vulnerabilities d. Assessing customer satisfaction

56. Which of the following is a key component of agile supply chain management? a. Rigid long-term contracts with suppliers b. Rapid response to changing customer demand c. Minimal collaboration with suppliers d. High inventory levels

57. What is the primary goal of a bottleneck management strategy in operations? a. Expanding production capacity b. Eliminating all bottlenecks c. Managing and optimizing bottlenecks d. Ignoring bottlenecks

58. Which quality management tool is used to track and visualize the flow of materials and information in a process? a. Fishbone diagram b. Control chart c. Value stream map d. Scatter plot

59. What is the primary purpose of a cost-benefit analysis in operations management? a. Assessing employee performance b. Evaluating the financial impact of decisions c. Identifying root causes of problems d. Managing supplier relationships

60. Which of the following is a key principle of sustainable operations management? a. Ignoring environmental concerns b. Maximizing resource consumption c. Balancing economic, social, and environmental objectives d. Focusing solely on short-term profits

61. What is the primary focus of a process capability analysis in quality management? a. Identifying bottlenecks b. Assessing employee performance c. Measuring process stability and capability d. Evaluating supplier relationships

62. Which of the following is not a key element of project management in operations? a. Scope definition b. Risk assessment c. Process mapping d. Budgeting

63. What is the primary purpose of a SWOT analysis in operations management? a. Identifying strengths and weaknesses b. Assessing employee performance c. Evaluating supplier relationships d. Documenting historical data

64. Which inventory control technique aims to minimize holding costs by ordering large quantities at once? a. Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) b. Just-in-Time (JIT) c. Safety Stock d. Lot sizing