522 Part Four Building and Managing Systems with mobile devices' unique hardware and capabili Studio Tools for Xamarin. UPS can now add a new ties. Although UPS had to rebuild more than 130,000 feature across all mobile devices in weeks and days lines of code that had been written over a four-year instead of months. period, management realized that rewriting UPS Mobile would produce dramatic time and cost sav- Sources: Rob Bamforth, "Developers at the Mobile Edge," Computer ings in the long run. The company went ahead Weekly, January 30-February 5, 2018; Mary K. Pratt, Linda Tucci, "Enterprise Mobile App Development: No Easy Answers," with developing on a single platform. Much of the searchCIOtechtarget.com, accessed February 20, 2018; Microsoft, Xamarin code would need to be developed only once "UPS Paves the Way for Better Service with Faster Development and it could support multiple platforms with great and Artificial Intelligence," September 28, 2017; www.greatwest. efficiency in the years to come. UPS mobile develop- com, accessed February 20, 2018; and Ken Murphy, "Great-West Financial Establishes Its Mobile Footprint," SAP Insider Profiles, ers rewrote all versions of UPS Mobile with Visual October 31,2016. CASE STUDY QUESTIONS 1. What management, organization, and technology 3. Describe how Great-West's invoice approvals challenges need to be addressed when building a process changed after the mobile application mobile application? was deployed. 2. How does user requirement definition for mo- bile applications differ from traditional systems analysis