5.3 (7 marks)

a. Eighteen-year-old Linus is thinking about taking a five-year university degree. The degree will cost him $25,000 each year. After he's finished, he expects to make $50,000 per year for 10 years, $75,000 per year for another 10 years, and $100,000 per year for the final 10 years of his working career. All these values are stated in real dollars. Assume that Linus lives to be 100 and that real interest rates will stay at 5% per year throughout his life.

i. Calculate the present value of his lifetime earnings. (1 mark)

ii. Calculate the present value of the cost of his schooling. (1 mark)

iii. Subtract the present value of the schooling cost from his lifetime labour earnings to determine his human capital. Use that value to determine his permanent income, that is, the equal annual consumption Linus could enjoy over the rest of his life. (1 mark)

b. Linus is also considering another option. If he takes a job at the local grocery store, his starting wage will be $40,000 per year, and he will get a 3% raise each year, in real terms, until he retires at the age of 53. Assume that Linus lives to be 100.

i. Calculate the present value of Linuss lifetime earnings, using a spreadsheet or using the growing annuity formula. You can find the formula in the lesson notes, at the end of Note 7 in Lesson 4. (1 mark)

ii. Use that value to determine Linuss permanent income, i.e., how much can Linus spend each year equally over the rest of his life? (1 mark)

c. Do you think Linus is better off choosing option a. or option b.? Consider both financial and non-financial measures. (2 marks)