5-42 Volume-Based Costing versus ABC Coffee Bean Inc. (CBI) processes and distributes a variety of coffee. CBI buys coffee beans from around the world and roasts, blends, and packages them for resale. Currently, the firm offers 15 coffees to gourmet shops in 1-pound bags. The major cost is direct materials; however, a substantial amount of factory overhead is incurred in the predominantly automated roasting and packing process. The company uses relatively little direct labor. Some of the coffees are very popular and sell in large volumes; a few of the newer brands have very low volumes. CBI prices its coffee at full product cost, including allocated overhead, plus a markup of 30%. If its prices for certain coffees are significantly higher than the market, CBI lowers its prices. The company competes primarily on the quality of its products, but customers are price conscious as well. Data for the current budget include factory overhead of $3,000,000, which has been allocated on the basis of each product's direct labor cost. The budgeted direct labor cost for the current year totals $600,000. The firm budgeted $6,000,000 for purchase and use of direct materials (mostly coffee beans). The budgeted direct costs for 1-pound bags of two of the company's many products are as follows: Mona Loa Malaysian Direct materials $4.20 $3.20 Direct labor 0.30 0.30 CBI's controller, Mona Clin, believes that its current product costing system could be providing misleading cost information. She has developed this analysis of the current year's budgeted factory overhead costs: Activity Cost Driver Budgeted Driver Consumption Budgeted Cost Purchasing Purchase orders 1,158 5 579,000 Materials handling Setups 1,800 720,000 Quality control Batches 720 144,000 Roasting Roasting hours 96, 100 961,000 Blending Blending hours 33,600 336,000 Packaging Packaging hours 26,000 260,000 53,000,000 Total factory overhead cost Data regarding the current year's production of just two of its lines, Mona Loa and Malaysian, follow. There is no beginning or ending direct materials inventory for either of these coffees. Mona Loa Malaysian Budgeted sales 100,000 pounds 2,000 pounds Batch size 10,000 p 500 pounds Setups 3 per batch 3 per batch Purchase order size 25,000 pounds 500 pounds Roasting time 1 hour per 100 pounds 1 hour per 100 pounds Blending time 0.5 hour per 100 pounds 0.5 hour per 100 pounds Packaging time 0.1 hour per 100 pounds 0.1 hour per 100 pounds Required 1. Using Coffee Bean Inc.'s current product costing system, a. Determine the company's predetermined overhead rate using direct labor cost as the single cost driver. b. Determine the full product costs and selling prices of one pound of Mona Loa coffee and one pound of Malaysian coffee. 2. Using an activity-based costing approach, develop a new product cost for 1 pound of Mona Loa coffee and 1 pound of Malaysian coffee. Allocate all overhead costs to the 100,000 pounds of Mona Loa and the 2,000 pounds of Malaysian. Compare the results with those in requirement 1. 3. What are the implications of the activity-based costing system with respect to CBI's pricing and product mix strategies? How does ABC add to CBI's competitive advantage? (CMA Adapted)