4. [5pts] The followings are several factors which would shift either DD or AA curve. Determine whether DD or AA or both will be shifted, and which direction (left or right) will be the shifting. Write your answer as this format: ___(AA or DD or both) shift(s) to the ___(left or right).

i. ii. iii. iv. v.

Decrease of real money demand

Increase of $ Decrease of foreign interest rate

Reduction of households consumption

Higher tax burden