6. A sports psychologist gave a questionnaire about healthy eating habits to randomly selected professional athletes, four each from baseball, football, and basketball. The results were as follows.

Healthy Eating Habits Scores

Baseball PlayersFootball PlayersBasketball Players

342735

182844

216747

654261

A high score on the questionnaire indicates that athletes engage in healthy eating habits. The psychologist wants to know if there are differences in healthy eating habits among these athletes. Assume an alpha of .05. (8 points)

a. What type of test will you use and why?

b. Conduct the 5 steps to hypothesis testing.

c. Write up your results.

Use these five steps of hypothesis for part B

STEP 1: RESTATE QUESTION AS RESEARCH AND NULL HYPOTHESES

For this step, we determine the two populations that are being compared. Then, we generate our hypotheses. We need to determine if we are making a directional (e.g., more or less) hypothesis or non-directional (e.g., different) hypothesis for the research hypothesis (H₁).

STEP 2: COMPARISON DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS

This step tells us about what the comparison distribution looks like (i.e., spread in relation to mean). It starts out as a distribution of scores, but we need to convert it to a distribution of means.

=M

STEP 3: CUTOFF SCORES ON THE COMPARISON DISTRIBUTION AT WHICH TO REJECT H₀

This step tells us where the critical region(s) on the comparison distribution start. For this step, we need to figure if we have a one or two tailed test and what our significance or p level are. We use our knowledge of the normal curve for this step.

STEP 4: DETERMINE YOUR SAMPLE'S SCORE ON THE COMPARISON DISTRIBUTION

For this step, we calculate a z test to determine where our sample mean falls on the comparison distribution.

STEP 5: Decision

Based on where our sample mean fall on the comparison distribution (determine by the z test) we either reject H₀or fail to reject H₀.