61 Explain why the first hill of a roller coaster is always the highest 69 If your friend pushes a lawnmower 4 times as far as you do while exerting only half the force, which one of you does more work How much more 73 At what point in its motion is the KE of a pendulum bob at a maximum At what point is its PE at a maximum How do the amounts of PE and KE compare when the bob swings by the point that marks half its maximum height 80 A ball thrown straight up in the air a Where in its path is its kinetic energy a maximum b Where is its gravitational potential energy at a maximum 88 If two objects have equal kinetic energies, do they necessarily have the same momentum Defend your answer 90 An inefficient machine is said to waste energy Does this mean that energy is actually lost Explain 102 This may seem like an easy question for a physics type to answer With what force does a 10 N rock strike the ground if dropped from a rest position 10 m high In fact, the question cannot be answered unless you have more information Discuss why this is so 105 You're on a rooftop and you throw one ball downward to the ground below and another upward The second ball, after rising, falls and also strikes the ground below If air resistance can be neglected, and your downward and upward initial speeds of the balls are the same, how will their speeds compare upon striking the ground (Use energy conservation ) 52 How does the density of a 100 kg iron block compare with the density of an iron filing 56 Why do gymnasts use floor mats that are very thick 67 A lunar vehicle is tested on Earth at a speed of 10 km h When it travels as fast on the Moon, is its momentum more, less, or the same Defend your answer 82 Your friend says that the law of momentum conservation is violated when a ball rolls down a hill and gains momentum What do you say 83 What is meant by a system, and how is it related to the conservation of momentum 90 If a Mack truck and a Mini Cooper have a head on collision, which vehicle will experience the greater force of impact The greater impulse The greater change in momentum The greater deceleration 91 Would a head on collision between two cars be more damaging to the occupants if the cars stuck together or if the cars rebounded upon impact 94 In a movie, the hero jumps straight down from a bridge onto a small boat that continues to move with no change in velocity What physics is being violated here 36 Consider the following elements Gold, Copper, Carbon, and Silver Consult the periodic table and rank them from most to least, by their a mass b number of electrons c number of protons 42 How many types of atoms are in a pure sample of any element 45 Which of the following is not an element hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, water 49 Your friend says that what makes one element distinct from another is the number of electrons about the atomic nucleus Do you agree wholeheartedly, partially, or not at all Explain 50 The mass numbers of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60 (a) How many protons and how many neutrons are in each isotope (b) How many orbiting electrons does an atom of each have when the atoms are electrically neutral 53 Use the periodic table to answer the following a What nucleus remains if two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom b What element results when adding a pair of protons to the nucleus of mercury c What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus 55 The noble gas helium is an inert gas, meaning that it doesn't combine with other elements Name five other noble gases (See the periodic table ) 59 A hydrogen atom and a carbon atom move at the same speed Explain why one of them has a greater kinetic energy than the other 69 Is there anything smaller than an atomic nucleus 72 Explain to a study partner the distinctions between atomic number, mass number, and atomic mass 45 The stronger the atomic bond between the atoms in solid, the less likely they will be broken apart What can be said about the atomic bonds in crayons used by kids when creating their art 46 You take 1000 mg of a vitamin and your friend takes 1 g of the same vitamin Who takes more vitamins Defend your answer 47 Your friend says that the primary difference between a solid and a liquid is the kind of atoms in the material Do you agree or disagree, and why 52 How does the density of a 100 kg iron block compare with the density of an iron filing 55 Which has more volume a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of aluminum 56 Which has more mass a liter of ice or a liter of water 89 Is iron necessarily heavier than cork Explain 91 A thick rope is stronger than a thin rope of the same material Is a long rope stronger than a short rope 94 Suspension bridges such as the Golden Gate Bridge in California are supported by cables Your friend says that only tension forces play a role in such bridges, and that compressive forces play no role Do compressive forces play a role If so, where

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61. Explain why the first hill of a roller coaster is always the highest. 69. If your friend pushes a lawnmower 4 times as far

61. Explain why the first hill of a roller coaster is always the highest.
69. If your friend pushes a lawnmower 4 times as far as you do while exerting only half the force, which one of you does more work? How much more?
73. At what point in its motion is the KE of a pendulum bob at a maximum? At what point is its PE at a maximum? How do the amounts of PE and KE compare when the bob swings by the point that marks half its maximum height?
80. A ball thrown straight up in the air.
1. a. Where in its path is its kinetic energy a maximum?
2. b. Where is its gravitational potential energy at a maximum?
88. If two objects have equal kinetic energies, do they necessarily have the same momentum? Defend your answer.
90. An inefficient machine is said to "waste energy." Does this mean that energy is actually lost? Explain.
102. This may seem like an easy question for a physics type to answer: With what force does a 10-N rock strike the ground if dropped from a rest position 10 m high? In fact, the question cannot be answered unless you have more information. Discuss why this is so.
105. You're on a rooftop and you throw one ball downward to the ground below and another upward. The second ball, after rising, falls and also strikes the ground below. If air resistance can be neglected, and your downward and upward initial speeds of the balls are the same, how will their speeds compare upon striking the ground? (Use energy conservation.)
52. How does the density of a 100-kg iron block compare with the density of an iron filing?
56. Why do gymnasts use floor mats that are very thick?
67. A lunar vehicle is tested on Earth at a speed of 10 km/h. When it travels as fast on the Moon, is its momentum more, less, or the same? Defend your answer.
82. Your friend says that the law of momentum conservation is violated when a ball rolls down a hill and gains momentum. What do you say?
83. What is meant by a system, and how is it related to the conservation of momentum?
90. If a Mack truck and a Mini Cooper have a head-on collision, which vehicle will experience the greater force of impact? The greater impulse? The greater change in momentum? The greater deceleration?
91. Would a head-on collision between two cars be more damaging to the occupants if the cars stuck together or if the cars rebounded upon impact?
94. In a movie, the hero jumps straight down from a bridge onto a small boat that continues to move with no change in velocity. What physics is being violated here?
36. Consider the following elements: Gold, Copper, Carbon, and Silver. Consult the periodic table and rank them from most to least, by their
1. a. mass.
2. b. number of electrons.
3. c. number of protons.
42. How many types of atoms are in a pure sample of any element?
45. Which of the following is not an element: hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, water?
49. Your friend says that what makes one element distinct from another is the number of electrons about the atomic nucleus. Do you agree wholeheartedly, partially, or not at all? Explain.
50. The mass numbers of two isotopes of cobalt are 59 and 60. (a) How many protons and how many neutrons are in each isotope? (b) How many orbiting electrons does an atom of each have when the atoms are electrically neutral?
53. Use the periodic table to answer the following:
1. a. What nucleus remains if two protons and two neutrons are removed from the nucleus of an oxygen atom?
2. b. What element results when adding a pair of protons to the nucleus of mercury?
3. c. What element results if two protons and two neutrons are ejected from a radium nucleus?
55. The noble gas helium is an inert gas, meaning that it doesn't combine with other elements. Name five other noble gases. (See the periodic table.)
59. A hydrogen atom and a carbon atom move at the same speed. Explain why one of them has a greater kinetic energy than the other.
69. Is there anything smaller than an atomic nucleus?
72. Explain to a study partner the distinctions between atomic number, mass number, and atomic mass.
45. The stronger the atomic bond between the atoms in solid, the less likely they will be broken apart. What can be said about the atomic bonds in crayons used by kids when creating their art?
46. You take 1000 mg of a vitamin and your friend takes 1 g of the same vitamin. Who takes more vitamins? Defend your answer.
47. Your friend says that the primary difference between a solid and a liquid is the kind of atoms in the material. Do you agree or disagree, and why?
52. How does the density of a 100-kg iron block compare with the density of an iron filing?
55. Which has more volume: a kilogram of gold or a kilogram of aluminum?
56. Which has more mass: a liter of ice or a liter of water?
89. Is iron necessarily heavier than cork? Explain.
91. A thick rope is stronger than a thin rope of the same material. Is a long rope stronger than a short rope?
94. Suspension bridges such as the Golden Gate Bridge in California are supported by cables. Your friend says that only tension forces play a role in such bridges, and that compressive forces play no role. Do compressive forces play a role? If so, where?