6.46Following the March 24, 1989, grounding of the tanker Exxon Valdez in Alaska, approximately 35,500 tons of crude oil were released into Prince William Sound. The paper "The Deep Benthos of Prince William Sound, Alaska, 16 Months After the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill" (Feder and Blanchard, 1998) reports on an evaluation of deep benthic infauna after the spill. Thirteen sites were selected for study. Seven of the sites were within the oil trajectory, and six were outside the oil trajectory. Collection of environmental and biological data at two depths, 40 m and 100 m, occurred in the period July 1-23, 1990. One of the variables measured was population abundance (individuals per square meter). The values are given in the following table.

Within Oil Trajectory Outside Oil Trajectory

Site 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6

Depth 40 m 5,124 2,904 3,600 2,880 2,578 4,146 1,048 1,336 394 7,370 6,762 744 1,874

Depth 100 m 3,228 2,032 3,256 3,816 2,438 4,897 1,346 1,676 2,008 2,224 1,234 1,598 2,182

a.After combining the data from the two depths, does there appear to be a differ-ence in population mean abundances between the sites within and outside the oil trajectory? Use a=.05.

Develop a plot to help communicate your conclusions in 6.46a. Make a PDF (importing a PNG into Word may be easiest, or from RMarkdown if you are using RStudio) that includes your image and a short caption to help interpret your figure. Follow the "glamour of graphics" to present a visually appealing, informative product. If you include this image in the file you use to submit your homework, please also submit the file separately here so that I can grade it separately.

How to run In Rstudio and make a plot in Rstudio?

This is s example. you can use this code.

library(tidyverse)

load("../smda-datasets/R_WORKSPACE/CH06/ex6-46.rdata")

d <- get("ex6-46")

d <- d %>% pivot_longer( cols = 2:3, names_to = "Depth", values_to = "Abundance" )

ggplot(d, aes(Trajectory, Abundance)) + geom_boxplot()