$7.$ Charitable Contributions: Emma donates $$1,000$ to a qualified charity. Can charitable contributions be deducted "above the line"? Calculate Emma's Adjusted Gross Income.

$8.$ Self$-$Employment Income and Retirement Contributions: Alex has self$-$employment income of $$40,000$ and contributes $$5,000$ to a solo $401($k$)$ retirement plan. Is self$-$employment income part of Gross Income, and can the retirement contributions be deducted "above the line"?Determine Alex's Adjusted Gross Income.