7. Suppose it is the end of November 2007 and Porsche reviews its hedging strategy for the cash flows it expects to obtain from vehicle sales in North America during the calendar year 2009. Assume that Porsche entertains three scenarios: The expected volume of North American sales in 2009 is 32,750 vehicles. The low-sales scenario is 30% lower than the expected sales volume, and the high sales-volume is 30% higher than the expected sales volume. Assume, in each scenario that the average sales price per vehicle is $90,000 and that all sales are realised at the end of November 2009. All variable costs incurred by producing and shipping an additional vehicle to be sold in North America in 2009 are billed in Euros and amount to EUR60,000 per vehicle. Characterise how Porsche's Euro cash flows, net of variable costs, obtained from its North American sales depends on the exchange rate that prevails at the end of November 2009 if:

• a. Porsche does not hedge its currency exposure at all;
• b. Porsche hedges by selling forward USD equal to the amount of expected 2009 sales with a two-year forward contract;
• c. Porsche hedges by buying two-year European at the money put options on USD (providing Porsche the right to sell USD, receiving EUR at the exercise price (strike) exchange rate) in sufficient quantity to have the right to sell an amount of USD equal to expected 2009 sales.
• d. Porsche uses a money market hedge.

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