7. The U.S. banking system is often referred to as a ____________________ banking system, because there are two governmental levels providing bank charters.

A. tiered B. federal C. community D. regional E. dual

8. The difference between a commercial banks average rate earned on loans and its average rate paid on deposits is called the:

A. charge-off rate. B. net operating income. C. return on assets. D. money market rate. E. interest rate spread.