7. Zero Ltd uses a standard cost system. Indirect costs were budgeted at $210,000 plus $15 per direct labour hour. The overhead rate is based on 10,000 hours. Actual results were: Standard direct labour hours 9,000 Actual direct labour hours 10,000 Fixed overhead $190,000 Variable overhead $185,000 The fixed overhead budget variance was:

a. $20,000 U b. $20,000 F c. $10,000 F d. $10,000 U

8. Efficiency measures, such as number of new products developed, may be more useful than financial measures in:

a. Discretionary cost centres. b. Revenue centres. c. Profit centres. d. Investment centres.