8 Effect size and ANOVA Amit Almor, a psychology researcher at the University of South Carolina, conducted a series of experiments on conversation and attention level He found that subjects were four times more distracted while preparing to speak or speaking than when they were listening This research has many implications, including those for the issue of using cell phones while driving You decide to explore this issue by having three different groups try tracking a fast moving target on a computer screen The first group is preparing to speak, the second group is speaking, and the third group is listening to a conversation The sample mean and sum of squares of the scores for each of the three groups are presented in the following table Group Sample Mean Sum of Squares Preparing to speak 99 1 149,345 7100 Speaking 102 6 126,152 1900 Listening 103 5 151,077 2400 After collecting the data, you analyze the data using an ANOVA The results of your analysis are presented in the following ANOVA table ANOVA Table Source of Variation SS df MS F Between Treatments 5,403 35 2 2,701 68 9 48 Within Treatments 426,575 14 1,497 284 95 Total 431,978 49 1,499 These findings are significant at 0 01, which tells you that the difference is very unlikely to have occurred just by chance, but it does not tell you the size of the effect A simple measure of the effect size is given by What is the formula for this measure of the effect size SSbetweenbetween SStotaltotal SSbetweenbetween SSwithinwithin MSbetweenbetween MSwithinwithin MSbetweenbetween MStotaltotal Based on the data given, the effect size is (Round your answer to two decimal places) The percentage of variability in the scores accounted for by the effect due to treatments is

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8. Effect size and ANOVA Amit Almor, a psychology researcher at the University of South Carolina, conducted a series of experiments on conversation and attention

8. Effect size and ANOVA

Amit Almor, a psychology researcher at the University of South Carolina, conducted a series of experiments on conversation and attention level. He found that subjects were four times more distracted while preparing to speak or speaking than when they were listening. This research has many implications, including those for the issue of using cell phones while driving.

You decide to explore this issue by having three different groups try tracking a fast-moving target on a computer screen. The first group is preparing to speak, the second group is speaking, and the third group is listening to a conversation.

The sample mean and sum of squares of the scores for each of the three groups are presented in the following table.

Group	Sample Mean	Sum of Squares
Preparing to speak	99.1	149,345.7100
Speaking	102.6	126,152.1900
Listening	103.5	151,077.2400

After collecting the data, you analyze the data using an ANOVA. The results of your analysis are presented in the following ANOVA table.

ANOVA Table

Source of Variation	SS	df	MS	F
Between Treatments	5,403.35	2	2,701.68	9.48
Within Treatments	426,575.14	1,497	284.95
Total	431,978.49	1,499

These findings are significant at = 0.01, which tells you that the difference is very unlikely to have occurred just by chance, but it does not tell you the size of the effect. A simple measure of the effect size is given by .

What is the formula for this measure of the effect size?

SSbetweenbetween/SStotaltotal

SSbetweenbetween/SSwithinwithin

MSbetweenbetween/MSwithinwithin

MSbetweenbetween/MStotaltotal

Based on the data given, the effect size is . (Round your answer to two decimal places)

The percentage of variability in the scores accounted for by the effect due to treatments is