8. Many East European countries have faced Balance of Payments deficits and have therefore imposed a condition on importers in their country: Their governments have imposed the condition that importers would be allowed to import only if they exported 'other goods' of the same equivalent value, eliminating the need for 'foreign currency'.

Question:

This system of transactions is referred to as :"______".

7. In the year 1982 India experienced a downturn in its economy, and suddenly its highly productive steel industry was unable to sell its product in the local Indian market, and huge inventories built up. The Indian steel manufacturers then 'unloaded' this excess stock on the 'rest of the world' at prices well below the cost of manufacturing to get rid of the excess stock. Question:

This type of international selling is referred to as "____".