8. Value added to a firm Last year, Jackson Tires reported net sales of $40,000,000 and total operating costs (including depreciation) of $26,000,000. Jackson Tires has $43,500,000 of investor-supplied capital, which has an after-tax cost of 12.5%. If Jackson Tires's tax rate is 40%, how much value did its management create or lose for the firm during the year (rounded to the nearest whole dollar)? $814,688 $18,562,500 $20,662,500 $2,962,500