83 REVIEW TEST 3 laces in the following paragraphs. Write the The main idea appears at various p number of each main idea in the space provided. 1. Two unlikely heroes, the goose and the canary, have earned their places i history as protectors of humans. 'In dogs) in lookout positions on castle towers to 390 B.C., the Romans placed geese (and warn of approaching enemies. e, the Romans knew, has remarkable powers of perceiving motion A goos and soun right through the approach of the fierce Gaul army, the guard geese sensed the Gallic invasion and warned the Romans well in advance with their thunderous honking and frantic wing flapping. Fifteen hundred years later, d, even in the middle of the night. "As a result, while the dogs slept e use of canaries in coal mines saved more than a few coal miners from suffocation. "Miners, who were always threatened by pockets of poisonous gases in the mines, used to carry canaries in small cages, holding them in front of them as they descended deeper and deeper into new mines. Because a canary's lungs are significantly more sensitive than a human's, the canary would s it. Therefore, when the canary either appeared to be sick or (unfortunately) suddenly died, the miners were warned of the deadly air ahead, and they retreated quickly to safety. how the effects of bad air long before the miners could sense 2. Criticism is a valuable means of helping ourselves and others achieve personal growth. 'However, because it is often done carelessly or cruelly criticism has a bad reputation. 'Here are some guidelines for offering cri constructively. 'First, wait until the person asks for feedback on his or her performance or actions. sUnasked-for criticism is not usually valuable. 'Second describe the person's behavior as specifically as possible before you criticize it. 'Instead of just saying, "You were awful," tell the person exactly what you observed. 'And finally, try to balance your criticism with positive statements Look for significant points in the other person's performance that you can honestly praise. 3. 'In Bulgaria,one nods one's head for 'no and shakes it back and forth for 'yes b making If you make the A-OK" sign in Brazil, with the index finger and thum a circle, it's not only not okay,it's very impolite."To show the feet to a Turk is a serious insult, implying that 'you are lower than the bottom of ones ground I or to wave it at someone-will give deep offense. 'The Japanese it polite to bow to varying levels, depending on the message one Ik on. Throughout the Middle East, to offer the left hand in a handshake- is trying to convey "When a Frenchman wants to make a strong point he upraised index finger from side to side 'n many Mediterranean cdsa who are nonromanbic friends walk hand in hand. 'And in A eut West-3 im handshake and a direct look in the eye are men meet one another in many cultures this would be conside aewrly body linguage that isperfectly normal or meaningless in nee may mean something quite different in another RE cultures, men ef sele the hel 84 finger ok dered very rude won the Revolutionary War who marched Be by hiding behind rocks and trees and sniping at the British, and fought in bright red rows and didn't even aim their muskets. In f the Brtish were won down in the American colonies by a combination of factors While the colonies never had a powerful army, they had a steady source of plentiful manpower and could easily replace their losses. The British regular soldiers (or German soldiers for hire), by contrast, took more time to train and generally had to be shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. Also, the colonies were not Britain's only worry, a much greater concern was France, with which the British were consistently at odds. "if too much energy had been spent holding the colonies, France might well have invaded and conquered Britain. "France was well aware of this, so it began sending supplies to the colonials early in the war and soon sent a fleet and an army The French contributions proved decisive at Yorktown in 1781, where the French and American armies held Lord Cornwallis's army at bay in Virginia while the French fleet turned back the Royal Navy's rescue effort. 4 'Some Americans believe that colonials cleverly S. 'People often think of shame as a strong form of embarrassment. A 1 As va to 5. psychological study of 104 persons, however, suggests that shame a embarrassment are quite different experiences. 'in general, embarrassment results from a relatively minor event that occurs while others are around. it is more likely to cause a person to blush. SAlso, an embarrassing event is lkely to include an element of surprise and to be remembered with smiles or jokes. 'Embarrassment generally does not one must correct a situation. 'Shame is fel nd assment generally does not lead to a feeling that to themselves and perhaps to others. "Unlike likely to make one feel that a situation embarrassment is strongly It when people reveal a personal embarrassment, it is often felt when one is alone. "And it is not generally looked upon later as while related to how we believe others view us, shame needs repairing. "In addition, 83 REVIEW TEST 3 laces in the following paragraphs. Write the The main idea appears at various p number of each main idea in the space provided. 1. Two unlikely heroes, the goose and the canary, have earned their places i history as protectors of humans. 'In dogs) in lookout positions on castle towers to 390 B.C., the Romans placed geese (and warn of approaching enemies. e, the Romans knew, has remarkable powers of perceiving motion A goos and soun right through the approach of the fierce Gaul army, the guard geese sensed the Gallic invasion and warned the Romans well in advance with their thunderous honking and frantic wing flapping. Fifteen hundred years later, d, even in the middle of the night. "As a result, while the dogs slept e use of canaries in coal mines saved more than a few coal miners from suffocation. "Miners, who were always threatened by pockets of poisonous gases in the mines, used to carry canaries in small cages, holding them in front of them as they descended deeper and deeper into new mines. Because a canary's lungs are significantly more sensitive than a human's, the canary would s it. Therefore, when the canary either appeared to be sick or (unfortunately) suddenly died, the miners were warned of the deadly air ahead, and they retreated quickly to safety. how the effects of bad air long before the miners could sense 2. Criticism is a valuable means of helping ourselves and others achieve personal growth. 'However, because it is often done carelessly or cruelly criticism has a bad reputation. 'Here are some guidelines for offering cri constructively. 'First, wait until the person asks for feedback on his or her performance or actions. sUnasked-for criticism is not usually valuable. 'Second describe the person's behavior as specifically as possible before you criticize it. 'Instead of just saying, "You were awful," tell the person exactly what you observed. 'And finally, try to balance your criticism with positive statements Look for significant points in the other person's performance that you can honestly praise. 3. 'In Bulgaria,one nods one's head for 'no and shakes it back and forth for 'yes b making If you make the A-OK" sign in Brazil, with the index finger and thum a circle, it's not only not okay,it's very impolite."To show the feet to a Turk is a serious insult, implying that 'you are lower than the bottom of ones ground I or to wave it at someone-will give deep offense. 'The Japanese it polite to bow to varying levels, depending on the message one Ik on. Throughout the Middle East, to offer the left hand in a handshake- is trying to convey "When a Frenchman wants to make a strong point he upraised index finger from side to side 'n many Mediterranean cdsa who are nonromanbic friends walk hand in hand. 'And in A eut West-3 im handshake and a direct look in the eye are men meet one another in many cultures this would be conside aewrly body linguage that isperfectly normal or meaningless in nee may mean something quite different in another RE cultures, men ef sele the hel 84 finger ok dered very rude won the Revolutionary War who marched Be by hiding behind rocks and trees and sniping at the British, and fought in bright red rows and didn't even aim their muskets. In f the Brtish were won down in the American colonies by a combination of factors While the colonies never had a powerful army, they had a steady source of plentiful manpower and could easily replace their losses. The British regular soldiers (or German soldiers for hire), by contrast, took more time to train and generally had to be shipped across the Atlantic Ocean. Also, the colonies were not Britain's only worry, a much greater concern was France, with which the British were consistently at odds. "if too much energy had been spent holding the colonies, France might well have invaded and conquered Britain. "France was well aware of this, so it began sending supplies to the colonials early in the war and soon sent a fleet and an army The French contributions proved decisive at Yorktown in 1781, where the French and American armies held Lord Cornwallis's army at bay in Virginia while the French fleet turned back the Royal Navy's rescue effort. 4 'Some Americans believe that colonials cleverly S. 'People often think of shame as a strong form of embarrassment. A 1 As va to 5. psychological study of 104 persons, however, suggests that shame a embarrassment are quite different experiences. 'in general, embarrassment results from a relatively minor event that occurs while others are around. it is more likely to cause a person to blush. SAlso, an embarrassing event is lkely to include an element of surprise and to be remembered with smiles or jokes. 'Embarrassment generally does not one must correct a situation. 'Shame is fel nd assment generally does not lead to a feeling that to themselves and perhaps to others. "Unlike likely to make one feel that a situation embarrassment is strongly It when people reveal a personal embarrassment, it is often felt when one is alone. "And it is not generally looked upon later as while related to how we believe others view us, shame needs repairing. "In addition