8.Please read the excerpt from Robert Wallace below.Wallace is writing about the Corn Laws.In the italic-highlighted text, you will (should) find a modern idea expressed.Write paragraph summarizing the point Wallace is making in his discussion of "farmers & graziers."The discussion must make reference to efficiencyrecall the three efficiency ideas from above.

9.Efficiency

a.Lawnmowers are efficient at ________________

b.Chain saws are efficient at __________________

c.Markets are efficient at _____________________

(I know, stupid.I'm making a point.)

Robert Wallace

`Of prices and dearth ofprovisions in different numbers referring to one another.'

Of enclosing grounds

Enclosing heathy and barren or uncultivated lands may diminish our stocks of sheep: but if turned into fine pasture must increase our cows; and if turned into fine arable ground must increase our grains

Of turning arable grounds into pasturage

It is said that many fine arable grounds have been turned into pasturage; that 80000 or 100000 acres have been turned into pasture grounds within these 20 years past: it depends on our knowledge how many quarters of grain may be produced on these acres & whether we want grains or fleshes |2| most: to determine whether we have too little or too great a part of our land in tillage or pasturage we certainly have land enough for both & it does not seem to be agreed whether we have too little in tillage or in pasturage: at present the fleshes are dear this points out that we have not too much in pasturage:it ought to be considered whether our people or rather our common labourers whether in tillage or manufactures live most on fleshes or grains & whether it be best for them in generall or the Different classes of our labouring people to have cheap grains or cheap fleshes but how can we know this or who will or can make the inquiry or survey:I do not see that either by a survey or without a survey it will be possible to regulate this by law & that our farmers and graziers must be left to themselves in this matter:There are naturall bounds both to tillage & grazing for if either our grains or our cattle encrease beyond Limits they must fall in their prices & this will bring both farmer & graziers to |3| betake themselves to that culture which is most profitable.

If we go on to increase our pasture grounds tho this will at length multiply our cattle greatly yet perhaps this operation may be slow:I shall suppose a farmer turns this year 20 acres of fine arrable into pasture grounds he must immediately buy cattle to feed on them this must take these cattle from the butcher or at least many of them for we must suppose that the former pasture grounds were fully stocked instead therefore of selling them to a butcher in the beginning of the spring to be slaughtered immediately or thru a part of the summer they are not slaughtered at least till nixt winter when they have been fed thro the summer & perhaps one summer is not sufficient to fatten them; There must therefore be fewer cattle for some time & thus must raise the price

Of giving premuims for encourage agriculture:

As agriculture is now well known and is attended with sufficient profitt there is not occasion for giving |3| premiums for encouraging farmers and graziers to cultivate barren or ill cultivated lands.There is even a danger in giving premiums att any rate for our farmers will take the premium & fall upon some method to keep up the prices notwithstanding.A premium or bounty on exportation of grains has been usefull, it has excited farmers to raise much grain, has lowered the prices of Grain gradually & brought in much money to the nation from the price of corn but it may be a question whether care is taken to keep the grains cheap att home:there is indeed a danger that farmers may not sow so much grain as formerly & in this way grain may become dearer:& this must be prevented: but I do not see that we are att the mercy of the farmers: for their own sake they will either raise grains or cattle & if they raise too much grain & too few cattle: this will att last to their own loss, nor will this take long time: so we may trust the farmers & take off the Bounty on exportation