9. Ascertained goods are those that have been identified and agreed upon by the parties to a contract. Unascertained goods are those that have not been so identified or agreed upon. 10. The characteristics of a federal system are a division of powers between the federal government and the state governments, with the federal government having primary responsibility for matters of national importance and the state governments having primary responsibility for matters of local importance; and a system of checks and balances to prevent the abuse of power by either the federal government or the state governments. 11. The written law in Malaysia includes the Constitution, statutes, and subsidiary legislation.

12.List FIVE (5) elements of a valid contract. (5 marks)

13.Identify whether each of the following is an offer or an invitation to treat:

I.A kilogram of sugar will cost RM2.50 (1 mark)

II.I will clean your office on Saturdays and Sundays during November for RM200 a night. (1 mark)

III.Come and enjoy 50% discount at our beauty saloon! (1 mark)

IV.Special meals are being offered at MAA Restaurant in November 2020. (1 mark)