9. ... is the idea that, as experimental trials increase, the sample increasingly resembles the population from which it is taken.

• A. Statistical stability
• B. Statistical synthesis
• C. Statistical analysis
• D. Statistical significance

11. Every day of my life, the sun has risen in the morning. So, the sun will rise tomorrow morning.

Logically speaking, thisargumentis:

• A. strong and not cogent
• B. strong and cogent
• C. weak and cogent
• D. weak and not cogent

19. Many people with wealthy friends do not succeed in national politics. But no one succeeds in national politics without wealthy friends.

Having wealthy friends, then, is a ..., but not a ... condition for succeeding in national politics.

• A. necessary ... sufficient
• B. initial ... final
• C. final ... initial

20. "Hard work does not guarantee success, but lack of hard work guarantees that there will be no success." - George Couros

According to the author, George Couros, hard work is not a ... condition for success, but a lack of hard work is a ... condition for no success.

• A. necessary ... necessary
• B. sufficient ... necessary
• C. necessary ... sufficient
• D. sufficient ... sufficient

21. Reporter: "Mr. President, your opponent, Walter Mondale is considerably younger than you. Do you think that with the threat of nuclear war, age should be an issue in this campaign?"

President Reagan: "Not at all. I am not going to exploit my opponent's youth and inexperience."

What fallacy has the former president committed?

• A. begging the question
• B. appeal to pity
• C. red herring