9. What were the two previous central banks the United States had before the current Federal Reserve system? When was the Federal Reserve established? How old are some other central banks in other countries? Describe in detail how the Federal Reserve is structured and explain how it is mostly independent from political interference? Using ideas like supply and demand, explain how the Federal Reserve uses open-market operations to either raise or lower interest rates at the direction of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). See if you can find what the most recent decision made by the FOMC was concerning interest rates and explain how that will be reflected in its open-market operations